"The dead shall be raised": Multidisciplinary analysis of human skeletons reveals complexity in 19th century immigrant socioeconomic history and identity in New Haven, Connecticut
Autoři:
Gary P. Aronsen aff001; Lars Fehren-Schmitz aff002; John Krigbaum aff003; George D. Kamenov aff004; Gerald J. Conlogue aff005; Christina Warinner aff007; Andrew T. Ozga aff007; Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan aff008; Anthony Griego aff009; Daniel W. DeLuca aff009; Howard T. Eckels aff009; Romuald K. Byczkiewicz aff010; Tania Grgurich aff005; Natalie A. Pelletier aff005; Sarah A. Brownlee aff001; Ana Marichal aff001; Kylie Williamson aff001; Yukiko Tonoike aff001; Nicholas F. Bellantoni aff011
Působiště autorů:
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
aff001; Department of Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
aff002; Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
aff003; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
aff004; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
aff005; Bioanthropology Research Institute, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, United States of America
aff006; Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
aff007; Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
aff008; Independent Scholar, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
aff009; Department of History, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, United States of America
aff010; Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
aff011
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219279
Souhrn
In July 2011, renovations to Yale-New Haven Hospital inadvertently exposed the cemetery of Christ Church, New Haven, Connecticut’s first Catholic cemetery. While this cemetery was active between 1833 and 1851, both the church and its cemetery disappeared from public records, making the discovery serendipitous. Four relatively well-preserved adult skeletons were recovered with few artifacts. All four individuals show indicators of manual labor, health and disease stressors, and dental health issues. Two show indicators of trauma, with the possibility of judicial hanging in one individual. Musculoskeletal markings are consistent with physical stress, and two individuals have arthritic indicators of repetitive movement/specialized activities. Radiographic analyses show osteopenia, healed trauma, and other pathologies in several individuals. Dental calculus analysis did not identify any tuberculosis indicators, despite osteological markers. Isotopic analyses of teeth indicate that all four were likely recent immigrants to the Northeastern United States. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA were recovered from three individuals, and these analyses identified ancestry, hair/eye color, and relatedness. Genetic and isotopic results upended our initial ancestry assessment based on burial context alone. These individuals provide biocultural evidence of New Haven’s Industrial Revolution and the plasticity of ethnic and religious identity in the immigrant experience. Their recovery and the multifaceted analyses described here illuminate a previously undescribed part of the city’s rich history. The collective expertise of biological, geochemical, archaeological, and historical researchers interprets socioeconomic and cultural identity better than any one could alone. Our combined efforts changed our initial assumptions of a poor urban Catholic cemetery’s membership, and provide a template for future discoveries and analyses.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Anatomy – Digestive system – Teeth – Head – Jaw – Osteology – Molecular biology – Molecular biology techniques – Artificial gene amplification and extension – Polymerase chain reaction – Medicine and health sciences – Infectious diseases – People and places – Geographical locations – Europe – Population groupings – Religious faiths – Christianity – Catholicism – Physical sciences – Mathematics – Calculus – Chemistry – Chemical elements – Strontium – Research and analysis methods
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