Pathogen invasion history elucidates contemporary host pathogen dynamics

English version

Autoři: Vance T. Vredenburg ^aff001; Samuel V. G. McNally ^aff001; Hasan Sulaeman ^aff001; Helen M. Butler ^aff001; Tiffany Yap ^aff001; Michelle S. Koo ^aff002; Dirk S. Schmeller ^aff004; Celeste Dodge ^aff001; Tina Cheng ^aff001; Gordon Lau ^aff001; Cheryl J. Briggs ^aff005
Působiště autorů: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America ^aff001; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America ^aff002; Center for Biological Diversity, Oakland, California, United States of America ^aff003; EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France ^aff004; Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America ^aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219981

Souhrn

Amphibians, the most threatened group of vertebrates, are seen as indicators of the sixth mass extinction on earth. Thousands of species are threatened with extinction and many have been affected by an emerging infectious disease, chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, amphibians exhibit different responses to the pathogen, such as survival and population persistence with infection, or mortality of individuals and complete population collapse after pathogen invasion. Multiple factors can affect host pathogen dynamics, yet few studies have provided a temporal view that encompasses both the epizootic phase (i.e. pathogen invasion and host collapse), and the transition to a more stable co-existence (i.e. recovery of infected host populations). In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, USA, conspecific populations of frogs currently exhibit dramatically different host/ Bd-pathogen dynamics. To provide a temporal context by which present day dynamics may be better understood, we use a Bd qPCR assay to test 1165 amphibian specimens collected between 1900 and 2005. Our historical analyses reveal a pattern of pathogen invasion and eventual spread across the Sierra Nevada over the last century. Although we found a small number of Bd-infections prior to 1970, these showed no sign of spread or increase in infection prevalence over multiple decades. After the late 1970s, when mass die offs were first noted, our data show Bd as much more prevalent and more spatially spread out, suggesting epizootic spread. However, across the ~400km² area, we found no evidence of a wave-like pattern, but instead discovered multiple, nearly-simultaneous invasions within regions. We found that Bd invaded and spread in the central Sierra Nevada (Yosemite National Park area) about four decades before it invaded and spread in the southern Sierra Nevada (Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks area), and suggest that the temporal pattern of pathogen invasion may help explain divergent contemporary host pathogen dynamics.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Organisms – Eukaryota – Animals – Vertebrates – Amphibians – Frogs – Zoology – Animal diseases – Epizootics – Conservation biology – Species extinction – Evolutionary biology – Evolutionary processes – Population biology – Population dynamics – Research and analysis methods – Research facilities – Museum collections – Ecology and environmental sciences – Conservation science – Species colonization – Invasive species – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens

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Pathogen invasion history elucidates contemporary host pathogen dynamics

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