Dry period heat stress induces microstructural changes in the lactating mammary gland

English version

Autoři: Bethany Dado-Senn ^aff001; Amy L. Skibiel ^aff001; Thiago F. Fabris ^aff001; Geoffrey E. Dahl ^aff001; Jimena Laporta ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America ^aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222120

Souhrn

The bovine dry period is a non-lactating period between consecutive lactations characterized by mammary gland involution and redevelopment phases to replace senescent mammary epithelial cells with active cells primed for the next lactation. Dairy cows exposed to heat stress during the dry period experience milk yield reductions between 3–7.5 kg/d in the next lactation, partially attributed to processes associated with mammary cell growth and turnover during the dry period. However, the carry-over impact of dry period heat stress on mammary morphology during lactation has yet to be determined. In the current study, we hypothesized that exposure to heat stress during the dry period would alter alveolar microstructure and cellular turnover (i.e. proliferation and apoptosis) during lactation. Cows were either subjected to heat stress (HT, access to shade; n = 12) or cooling (CL, access to shade, fans, and soakers; n = 12) for a 46 d dry period. Upon calving, all cows were treated similarly with access to cooling for their entire lactation. Six cows per treatment were randomly selected for mammary gland biopsies at 14, 42, and 84 days in milk. Tissues were sectioned and stained for histological analysis. During lactation, HT cows produced 4 kg less colostrum and 3.7 kg less milk compared with CL cows. Lactating mammary gland microstructure was impacted after exposure to dry period heat stress; HT cows had fewer alveoli and a higher proportion of connective tissue in the mammary gland relative to CL cows, however alveolar area was similar between treatments. Rates of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis were similar between treatment groups. This suggests that heat stress exposure during the dry period leads to reductions in milk yield that could be caused, in part, by a reduction in alveoli number in the lactating mammary gland but not to dynamic alterations in cellular turnover once lactation is established.

Klíčová slova:

Medicine and health sciences – Endocrinology – Endocrine physiology – Breast tissue – Mammary glands – Diagnostic medicine – Signs and symptoms – Hyperthermia – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Surgical and invasive medical procedures – Biopsy – Biology and life sciences – Physiology – Reproductive physiology – Nutrition – Diet – Beverages – Milk – Anatomy – Body fluids – Reproductive system – Exocrine glands – Biological tissue – Connective tissue – Cell biology – Cell processes – Cell death – Apoptosis – Physical sciences – Physics – Classical mechanics – Mechanical stress – Thermal stresses

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Dry period heat stress induces microstructural changes in the lactating mammary gland

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