Neuropathy and neural plasticity in the subcutaneous white adipose depot

English version

Autoři: Magdalena Blaszkiewicz ^aff001; Jake W. Willows ^aff002; Amanda L. Dubois ^aff001; Stephen Waible ^aff002; Kristen DiBello ^aff002; Lila L. Lyons ^aff002; Cory P. Johnson ^aff001; Emma Paradie ^aff002; Nicholas Banks ^aff003; Katherine Motyl ^aff003; Merilla Michael ^aff004; Benjamin Harrison ^aff004; Kristy L. Townsend ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono ME, United States of America ^aff001; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono ME, United States of America ^aff002; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough ME, United States of America ^aff003; University of New England, Biddeford ME, United States of America ^aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221766

Souhrn

The difficulty in obtaining as well as maintaining weight loss, together with the impairment of metabolic control in conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, may represent pathological situations of inadequate neural communication between the brain and peripheral organs and tissues. Innervation of adipose tissues by peripheral nerves provides a means of communication between the master metabolic regulator in the brain (chiefly the hypothalamus), and energy-expending and energy-storing cells in the body (primarily adipocytes). Although chemical and surgical denervation studies have clearly demonstrated how crucial adipose tissue neural innervation is for maintaining proper metabolic health, we have uncovered that adipose tissue becomes neuropathic (ie: reduction in neurites) in various conditions of metabolic dysregulation. Here, utilizing both human and mouse adipose tissues, we present evidence of adipose tissue neuropathy, or loss of proper innervation, under pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and aging, all of which are concomitant with insult to the adipose organ as well as metabolic dysfunction. Neuropathy is indicated by loss of nerve fiber protein expression, reduction in synaptic markers, and lower neurotrophic factor expression in adipose tissue. Aging-related adipose neuropathy particularly results in loss of innervation around the tissue vasculature, which cannot be reversed by exercise. Together with indications of neuropathy in muscle and bone, these findings underscore that peripheral neuropathy is not restricted to classic tissues like the skin of distal extremities, and that loss of innervation to adipose may trigger or exacerbate metabolic diseases. In addition, we have demonstrated stimulation of adipose tissue neural plasticity with cold exposure, which may ameliorate adipose neuropathy and be a potential therapeutic option to re-innervate adipose and restore metabolic health.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Anatomy – Biological tissue – Adipose tissue – Nervous system – Nerves – Molecular biology – Molecular biology techniques – Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques – Gene expression and vector techniques – Protein expression – Physiology – Physiological parameters – Obesity – Medicine and health sciences – Neurology – Neuropathy – Peripheral neuropathy – Body weight – Endocrinology – Endocrine disorders – Metabolic disorders – Research and analysis methods – Animal studies – Experimental organism systems – Model organisms – Mouse models – Animal models

Zdroje

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Neuropathy and neural plasticity in the subcutaneous white adipose depot

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