A spherical falling film gas-liquid equilibrator for rapid and continuous measurements of CO2 and other trace gases

English version

Autoři: A. Whitman Miller ^aff001; Amanda C. Reynolds ^aff001; Mark S. Minton ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America ^aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222303

Souhrn

Use of gas-liquid equilibrators to measure trace gases such as CO₂, methane, and radon in water bodies is widespread. Such measurements are critical for understanding a variety of water quality issues such as acidification due to elevated CO₂ or other processes related ecosystem metabolism and function. However, because gas-liquid equilibrators rely on generating sufficient surface area for gas exchange between liquid and gas phases, most traditional equilibrators pass water through small orifices or interstitial spaces that rapidly clog in highly productive or turbid waters, conditions that are common in estuaries, coastal bays, and riverine systems. Likewise, in cold temperatures, such equilibrators are subject to freezing. Both situations lead to failure and limit utility, especially for long term, continuous environmental monitoring. Here we describe and test a gas-liquid equilibrator that relies on a continuous falling film of water over a spherical surface to drive gas exchange. Our results demonstrate that this design is accurate in its ability to equilibrate fully to aqueous CO₂ concentrations, is functional across a wide range of gas concentrations, and has a response time that is comparable with other equilibrator designs. Because this equilibrator uses free flowing, falling water to produce a surface for gas exchange, our field trials have shown it to be very resistant to clogging and freezing, and therefore well suited to long term deployment in highly productive waters like estuaries where CO₂ concentrations fluctuate hourly, daily, and seasonally. When generated across a spherical surface, the falling film is not adversely affected by tilting off vertical, conditions that are common on a ship, small vessel, or buoy.

Klíčová slova:

Carbon dioxide – Flow rate – Fluid flow – Surface water – Thin films – Air flow – Gases – Laminar flow

Zdroje

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A spherical falling film gas-liquid equilibrator for rapid and continuous measurements of CO2 and other trace gases

Souhrn

Klíčová slova:

Zdroje

PLOS One

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