Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

English version

Autoři: Natalie M. Laudicina ^aff001; Frankee Rodriguez ^aff001; Jeremy M. DeSilva ^aff003
Působiště autorů: Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ^aff001; Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America ^aff002; Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America ^aff003; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ^aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221871

Souhrn

Hominin birth mechanics have been examined and debated from limited and often fragmentary fossil pelvic material. Some have proposed that birth in the early hominin genus Australopithecus was relatively easy and ape-like, while others have argued for a more complex, human-like birth mechanism in australopiths. Still others have hypothesized a unique birth mechanism, with no known modern equivalent. Preliminary work on the pelvis of the recently discovered 1.98 million-year-old hominin Australopithecus sediba found it to possess a unique combination of Homo and Australopithecus-like features. Here, we create a composite pelvis of Australopithecus sediba to reconstruct the birth process in this early hominin. Consistent with other hominin species, including modern humans, the fetus would enter the pelvic inlet in a transverse direction. However, unlike in modern humans, the fetus would not need additional rotations to traverse the birth canal. Further fetal rotation is unnecessary even with a Homo-like pelvic midplane expansion, not seen in earlier hominin species. With a birth canal shape more closely associated with specimens from the genus Homo and a lack of cephalopelvic or shoulder constraints, we therefore find evidence to support the hypothesis that the pelvic morphology of Australopithecus sediba is a result of locomotor, rather than strictly obstetric constraints.

Klíčová slova:

Medicine and health sciences – Women's health – Maternal health – Birth – Obstetrics and gynecology – Pelvis – Ischium – Skeleton – Biology and life sciences – Anatomy – Musculoskeletal system – Cranium – Developmental biology – Neonates – Paleontology – Paleoanthropology – Archaic humans – Hominids – Hominins – Australopithecus – Physical anthropology – Social sciences – Anthropology – Earth sciences

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Reconstructing birth in Australopithecus sediba

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