Neighborhood crime, disorder and substance use in the Caribbean context: Jamaica National Drug Use Prevalence Survey 2016
Autoři:
Erica Ann Felker-Kantor aff001; Colette Cunningham-Myrie aff002; Lisa-Gaye Greene aff003; Parris Lyew-Ayee aff003; Uki Atkinson aff004; Wendel Abel aff002; Pernell Clarke aff005; Simon G. Anderson aff006; Katherine P. Theall aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
aff001; Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
aff002; Mona GeoInformatics Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
aff003; National Council on Drug Abuse, Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica
aff004; Organization of American States, Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
aff005; The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
aff006
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224516
Souhrn
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of objective and subjective measures of neighborhood crime and disorder on substance use among a nationally representative sample of 4525 Jamaicans aged 12–65 years. Log-Poisson models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A test of interaction was used to determine presence of effect modification by sex. Approximately 39% of the study population reported past-month alcohol use; 10% past-month tobacco use; and 15% past-month marijuana use. In fully adjusted models, past-month alcohol and tobacco use were associated with perceived neighborhood disorder (p<0.05). The likelihood of alcohol use was 1.12 (95%CI:1.04, 1.20) times greater among participants who perceived higher neighborhood disorder. The likelihood of tobacco use was 1.22 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.46) times greater among participants who perceived higher neighborhood disorder. A significant test for interaction in adjusted models (P<0.2) suggested that the associations between substance use and perceived neighborhood disorder varied by sex. Examination of stratified models indicated that the role of perceived neighborhood disorder on alcohol and tobacco consumption varied among females, but not males. Females who perceived higher levels of neighborhood disorder had an increased likelihood of past-month alcohol and tobacco use (RRa:1.25 95%CI:1,07, 1.45; RRa:1.73 95%CI: 1.10, 2.67). Objective neighborhood crime measures were not associated with alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana use. The study findings provide evidence for the importance of considering subjective and objective neighborhood measures when examining relations with health outcome and demonstrate that perceptions of context and contextual exposures are not uniform across populations within neighborhoods. Interventions focused on building community trust and social cohesion (e.g. neighborhood community watch groups) and greening of blighted or abandoned spaces may help increase the sense of safety and order, reducing stress and maladaptive coping such as substance use.
Klíčová slova:
Alcohol consumption – Behavioral and social aspects of health – Crime – Jamaica – Marijuana – Neighborhoods – Socioeconomic aspects of health – Violent crime
Zdroje
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