Detection of Schistosoma japonicum and Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi environmental DNA and its potential utility to schistosomiasis japonica surveillance in the Philippines
Autoři:
Raffy Jay C. Fornillos aff001; Marcello Otake Sato aff003; Ian Kim B. Tabios aff004; Megumi Sato aff005; Lydia R. Leonardo aff001; Yuichi Chigusa aff003; Toshifumi Minamoto aff007; Mihoko Kikuchi aff008; Emelda R. Legaspi aff009; Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla aff001
Působiště autorů:
DNA Barcoding Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
aff001; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, P. Velasquez St. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
aff002; Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
aff003; College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita Manilla, Philippines
aff004; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata, Japan
aff005; Graduate School, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
aff006; Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
aff007; Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
aff008; Medical Zoology Laboratory, Schistosomiasis Research and Training Center, Palo Leyte, Philippines
aff009
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224617
Souhrn
In recent years, the prevalence and infection intensity of Schistosoma japonicum in endemic areas of the Philippines have significantly decreased due to yearly population-based treatment strategies, yet transmission rates remain high and uninterrupted. An important indicator of active disease transmission is the presence of Schistosoma japonicum and its snail intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi in freshwater habitats. In this study, we sought to apply a species-specific real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of S. japonicum and O. hupensis quadrasi in freshwater samples using environmental DNA approach that can complement the commonly utilized malacological survey in determining potential transmission foci in order to have a more effective snail surveillance strategy for schistosomiasis japonica in endemic areas. The newly developed assay was specific to S. japonicum and O. hupensis quadrasi with no amplification detected against non-target trematode Fasciola spp. and snails such as Lymnaea spp., Pomacea canaliculata, and Melanoides spp. that typically co-exist in the same environment. The assay effectiveness was determined using 19 environmental water samples collected from Northern Samar (N = 5 sites), Leyte (N = 11 sites) and Compostela Valley (N = 3 sites) and compared to malacological survey for determining O. hupensis quadrasi snail colonies and snail crushing to visualize S. japonicum cercariae. TaqMan qPCR targeting a short fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was positive for S. japonicum in 9 sites, for O. hupensis quadrasi in 9 sites, and for both S. japonicum and O. hupensis quadrasi in 5 sampling sites. Moreover, it was able to detect O. hupensis quadrasi in 3 out of 12 sites found negative and 6 out of 7 sites found positive through malacological survey, and in 4 of the 5 snail sites positive for snails with cercariae. Overall, this method can complement malacological surveys for monitoring of schistosomes in endemic areas of the Philippines, especially those with high risk of human infection.
Klíčová slova:
Fresh water – Malacology – Philippines – Polymerase chain reaction – Schistosomiasis – Snails – Schistosoma japonicum – Schistosomiasis japonica
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