Mechanisms of African swine fever virus pathogenesis and immune evasion inferred from gene expression changes in infected swine macrophages

English version

Autoři: James J. Zhu ^aff001; Palaniappan Ramanathan ^aff002; Elizabeth A. Bishop ^aff001; Vivian O’Donnell ^aff003; Douglas P. Gladue ^aff001; Manuel V. Borca ^aff001
Působiště autorů: USDA-ARS, FADRU, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York, United States of America ^aff001; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America ^aff002; USDA-APHIS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York, United States of America ^aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223955

Souhrn

African swine fever (ASF) is a swine disease caused by a large, structurally complex, double-stranded DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). In domestic pigs, acute infection by highly virulent ASF viruses causes hemorrhagic fever and death. Previous work has suggested that ASFV pathogenesis is primarily mediated by host cytokines produced by infected monocytes and macrophages. To better understand molecular mechanisms mediating virus pathogenesis and immune evasion, we used transcriptome analysis to identify gene expression changes after ASFV infection in ex vivo swine macrophages. Our results suggest that the cytokines of TNF family including FASLG, LTA, LTB, TNF, TNFSF4, TNFSF10, TNFSF13B and TNFSF18 are the major causative cytokine factors in ASF pathogenesis via inducing apoptosis. Other up-regulated proinflammatory cytokines (IL17F and interferons) and down-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) may also significantly contribute to ASF pathogenesis and cause excessive tissue inflammatory responses. The differential expression of genes also indicates that ASFV could evade both the innate and adaptive immune responses by (i) inhibiting MHC Class II antigen processing and presentation, (ii) avoiding CD8+ T effector cells and neutrophil extracellular traps via decreasing expression of neutrophil/CD8+ T effector cell-recruiting chemokines, (iii) suppressing M1 activation of macrophages, (iv) inducing immune suppressive cytokines, and (v) inhibiting the processes of macrophage autophagy and apoptosis. These results provide novel information to further investigate and better understand the mechanism of pathogenesis and immune evasion of this devastating swine disease.

Klíčová slova:

Cytokines – Gene expression – Genetic interference – Immune response – Interferons – Macrophages – Pathogenesis – Swine

Zdroje

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Mechanisms of African swine fever virus pathogenesis and immune evasion inferred from gene expression changes in infected swine macrophages

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