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Does craniofacial morphology affect third molars impaction? Results from a population-based study in northeastern Germany


Autoři: Stefan Kindler aff001;  Till Ittermann aff002;  Robin Bülow aff003;  Birte Holtfreter aff004;  Catharina Klausenitz aff003;  Philine Metelmann aff005;  Maria Mksoud aff001;  Christiane Pink aff004;  Christian Seebauer aff001;  Thomas Kocher aff004;  Thomas Koppe aff006;  Karl-Friedrich Krey aff005;  Hans-Robert Metelmann aff001;  Henry Völzke aff002;  Amro Daboul aff007
Působiště autorů: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff001;  Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff002;  Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff003;  Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff004;  Department of Orthodontics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff005;  Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff006;  Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany aff007
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225444

Souhrn

Objectives

It is still not clear why impaction of third molars occurs. Craniofacial morphology and facial parameters have been discussed to be strong predictors for third molar impaction. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of craniofacial morphology on erupted or impacted third molars in a German population sample.

Materials and methods

Erupted and impacted third molars in 2,484 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania were assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Markers of facial morphology were determined in 619 individuals of those participants in whose 421 participants (16.7%) had at least one impacted third molar. Craniofacial morphology was estimated as linear measurements and was associated in a cross-sectional study design with impacted and erupted third molars by multinomial logistic regression models. Erupted third molars were used as reference outcome category and regression models were adjusted for age and sex.

Results

Maximum Cranial Width (Eurion-Eurion distance) was significantly associated with impacted third molars (RR: 1.079; 95% confidence interval 1.028–1.132). This association was even more pronounced in the mandible. Individuals with a lower total anterior facial height (Nasion-Menton distance) and a lower facial index also have an increased risk for impacted third molars in the mandible (RR 0.953; 95% confidence interval 0.913–0.996 and RR: 0.943; 95% confidence interval 0.894–0.995). No significant associations of third molar status with facial width (Zygion-Zygion distance), and sagittal cranial dimension (Nasion-Sella distance; Sella-Basion distance) were observed.

Conclusion

Individuals with an increased maximal cranial width have a higher risk for impaction of third molars in the mandible and in the maxilla. Individuals with a lower anterior total anterior facial height and lower facial index also have an increased risk for third molars impaction in the mandible. These findings could help orthodontic dentists, oral surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons in decision-making for third molars removal in their treatment. These findings highlight the necessity of an additional analysis of the maximal cranial width by the Eurion- Eurion distance.

Klíčová slova:

Decision making – Face – Magnetic resonance imaging – Mandible – Maxilla – Molars – Orthodontics – Tooth eruption


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