Fundraising and vote distribution: A non-equilibrium statistical approach
Autoři:
Hygor P. M. Melo aff001; Nuno A. M. Araújo aff001; José S. Andrade, Jr. aff004
Působiště autorů:
Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
aff001; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Avenida Des. Armando de Sales Louzada, Acaraú, Ceará, Brazil
aff002; Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
aff003; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223059
Souhrn
The number of votes correlates strongly with the money spent in a campaign, but the relation between the two is not straightforward. Among other factors, the output of a ballot depends on the number of candidates, voters, and available resources. Here, we develop a conceptual framework based on Shannon entropy maximization and Superstatistics to establish a relation between the distributions of money spent by candidates and their votes. By establishing such a relation, we provide a tool to predict the outcome of a ballot and to alert for possible misconduct either in the report of fundraising and spending of campaigns or on vote counting. As an example, we consider real data from two proportional elections with more than 6000 candidates each, where a detailed data verification is virtually impossible, and show that the number of potential misconducting candidates to audit can be reduced to less than ten.
Klíčová slova:
Brazil – Decision making – Elections – Entropy – Fats – Finance – Probability distribution – Statistical distributions
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