Are we ready for scaling up restoration actions? An insight from Mediterranean macroalgal canopies
Autoři:
Laura Tamburello aff001; Loredana Papa aff003; Giuseppe Guarnieri aff001; Laura Basconi aff004; Serena Zampardi aff001; Maria Beatrice Scipione aff002; Antonio Terlizzi aff001; Valerio Zupo aff002; Simonetta Fraschetti aff001
Působiště autorů:
CoNISMa, Roma, Italy
aff001; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
aff002; Department of Biology, and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
aff003; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University, Venice, Italy
aff004; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
aff005; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
aff006
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224477
Souhrn
Extensive loss of macroalgal forests advocates for large-scale restoration interventions, to compensate habitat degradation and recover the associated ecological functions and services. Yet, restoration attempts have generally been limited to small spatial extensions, with the principal aim of developing efficient restoration techniques. Here, the success of outplanting Cystoseira amentacea v. stricta germlings cultured in aquaria was experimentally explored at a scale of tens of kms, by means of a multifactorial experimental design. In the intertidal rocky shores of SE Italy, locations with a continuous distribution for hundreds of meters or with few thalli forming patches of few centimeters of C. amentacea canopy were selected. In each location, the effects of adult conspecifics and the exclusion of macrograzers (salema fish and sea urchins) on the survival of germlings were tested. We evaluated the most critical determinants of mortality for germlings, including the overlooked pressure of mesograzers (e.g. amphipods, small mollusks, polychaetes). Despite the high mortality observed during outplanting and early settlement stages, survival of C. amentacea germlings was consistently favored by the exclusion of macrograzers, while the presence of adult conspecifics had no effects. In addition, the cost analysis of the interventions showed the feasibility of the ex-situ method, representing an essential tool for preserving Cystoseira forests. Large scale restoration is possible but requires baseline information with an in-depth knowledge of the species ecology and of the areas to be restored, together with the development of specific cultivation protocols to make consistently efficient restoration interventions.
Klíčová slova:
Algae – Analysis of variance – Death rates – Experimental design – Forests – Grazing – Herbivory – Sea urchins
Zdroje
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