Differences in protein structural regions that impact functional specificity in GT2 family β-glucan synthases

English version

Autoři: Daniel P. Oehme ^aff001; Thomas Shafee ^aff002; Matthew T. Downton ^aff003; Antony Bacic ^aff001; Monika S. Doblin ^aff001
Působiště autorů: ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia ^aff001; Latrobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia ^aff002; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia ^aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224442

Souhrn

Most cell wall and secreted β-glucans are synthesised by the CAZy Glycosyltransferase 2 family (www.cazy.org), with different members catalysing the formation of (1,4)-β-, (1,3)-β-, or both (1,4)- and (1,3)-β-glucosidic linkages. Given the distinct physicochemical properties of each of the resultant β-glucans (cellulose, curdlan, and mixed linkage glucan, respectively) are crucial to their biological and biotechnological functions, there is a desire to understand the molecular evolution of synthesis and how linkage specificity is determined. With structural studies hamstrung by the instability of these proteins to solubilisation, we have utilised in silico techniques and the crystal structure for a bacterial cellulose synthase to further understand how these enzymes have evolved distinct functions. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine amino acid conservation, both family-wide and within each sub-family. Further structural analysis centred on comparison of a bacterial curdlan synthase homology model with the bacterial cellulose synthase crystal structure, with molecular dynamics simulations performed with their respective β-glucan products bound in the trans-membrane channel. Key residues that differentially interact with the different β-glucan chains and have sub-family-specific conservation were found to reside at the entrance of the trans-membrane channel. The linkage-specific catalytic activity of these enzymes and hence the type of β-glucan chain built is thus likely determined by the different interactions between the proteins and the first few glucose residues in the channel, which in turn dictates the position of the acceptor glucose. The sequence-function relationships for the bacterial β-glucan synthases pave the way for extending this understanding to other kingdoms, such as plants.

Klíčová slova:

Biochemical simulations – Cellulose – Crystal structure – Glucans – Multiple alignment calculation – Sequence alignment – Sequence motif analysis – Transient receptor potential channels

Zdroje

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Differences in protein structural regions that impact functional specificity in GT2 family β-glucan synthases

Souhrn

Klíčová slova:

Zdroje

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