#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Effect of psycho-social support by teachers on improving mental health and hope of adolescents in an earthquake-affected district in Nepal: A cluster randomized controlled trial


Autoři: Rolina Dhital aff001;  Akira Shibanuma aff001;  Moe Miyaguchi aff001;  Junko Kiriya aff001;  Masamine Jimba aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223046

Souhrn

Introduction

Adolescents can be prone to mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following disasters. School teachers can provide timely psycho-social support that could instill hope and improve mental health among adolescents in a post-earthquake situation in a low-resource setting. This study examined the effect of training for school teachers on psycho-social support on adolescents’ mental health and hope in an earthquake affected district in Nepal.

Methods

This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 15 schools in Dhading, a severely affected district by the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. The schools were randomized, as a result, 8 were in the intervention group and 7 in the control group. A total of 1,220 adolescents were recruited at baseline of which 605 adolescents belonged to intervention group and 615 to control group. The follow-up rate at 6 months was 83%. This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT03387007.

Results

The intervention did not show significant effects for PTSD symptoms (Intervention*time, β = 0.33, p = 0.536), depression symptoms (Intervention*time, β = 0.30, p = 0.249), and hope (Intervention*time, β = -0.23, p = 0.588), among the adolescents at 6 months follow-up.

Conclusion

The intervention did not improve mental health symptoms and hope among adolescents at 6 months follow-up. More focused and longer training could be necessary to address mental health among adolescents affected by earthquake. Additionally, longer follow-up could be necessary to assess the changes taking place over time.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03387007.

Klíčová slova:

Adolescents – Depression – Children – Mental health and psychiatry – Nepal – Post-traumatic stress disorder – Schools – Teachers


Zdroje

1. UN. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Key Findings and Advanced Tables. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2017. [Cited 2017 December 24] https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf.

2. WHO. Mental health status of adolescents in South-East Asia: Evidence for action. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2017. [Cited 2017 December 24] http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254982/9789290225737-eng.pdf.

3. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62.

4. Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet. 2011;378:1515–1525. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1 22008427

5. Caldas DE, Almeida JM. Mental health services for victims of disasters in developing countries: a challenge and an opportunity. World Psychiatry. 2002;1:155–157. 16946839

6. Jacobs MB, Harville EW. Long-Term Mental Health Among Low-Income, Minority Women Following Exposure to Multiple Natural Disasters in Early and Late Adolescence Compared to Adulthood. Child Youth Care Foru. 2015;44:511–525.

7. Gerdin M, Clarke M, Allen C, Kayabu B, Summerskill W, Devane D, et al. Optimal evidence in difficult settings: improving health interventions and decision making in disasters. PLoS Med. 2014;11:e1001632. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001632 24755530

8. Guo J, Wang X, Yuan J, Zhang W, Tian D, Qu Z. The symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adult earthquake survivors in China. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2015;203:469–472. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000310 26034871

9. Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, Khan MA, Ovais M, Sohail Z, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39(2):135–43. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029 28700042

10. O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, Pattison P. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: understanding comorbidity. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1390–1396. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1390 15285964

11. O’Donnell ML, Creamer MC, Parslow R, Elliot P, Holmes AC, Ellen S, et al. A predictive screening index for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following traumatic injury. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76:923–932. doi: 10.1037/a0012918 19045961

12. Vloet A, Simons M, Vloet TD, Sander M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Konrad K. Long-term symptoms and posttraumatic growth in traumatised adolescents: findings from a specialised outpatient clinic. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27:622–625. doi: 10.1002/jts.21955 25270037

13. Kar N, Bastia BK. Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents after a natural disaster: a study of comorbidity. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2006;2:17. doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-2-17 16869979

14. Horn SR, Charney DS, Feder A. Understanding resilience: New approaches for preventing and treating PTSD. Exp Neurol. 2016 Oct; 284(Pt B):119–132. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.002 27417856

15. Wells VE, Deykin EY, Klerman GL. Risk factors for depression in adolescence. Psychiatr Dev. 1985;3:83–108. 3889900

16. Kohrt BA, Jordans MJ, Tol WA, Luitel NP, Maharjan SM, Upadhaya N. Validation of cross-cultural child mental health and psychosocial research instruments: adapting the Depression Self-Rating Scale and Child PTSD Symptom Scale in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:127. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-127 21816045

17. Jordans MJ, Komproe IH, Tol WA, Kohrt BA, Luitel NP, Macy RD, et al. Evaluation of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in conflict-affected Nepal: a cluster randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51:818–826. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02209.x 20102428

18. Shorey HS, Snyder CR. Hope in the classroom: the role of positive psychology in academic achievement and psychology curricula. APA education directoriate. 2002;12.

19. Snyder CR, Hoza B, Pelham WE, Rapoff M, Ware L, Danovsky M, et al. The development and validation of the Children’s Hope Scale. J Pediatr Psychol. 1997;22:399–421. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.399 9212556

20. Stoddard SA, Pierce J. Promoting Positive Future Expectations During Adolescence: The Role of Assets. Am J Community Psychol. 2015;56:332–341. doi: 10.1007/s10464-015-9754-7 26385095

21. Weare K, Nind M. Mental health promotion and problem prevention in schools: what does the evidence say? Health Promot Int. 2011;26 Suppl 1:i29–69.

22. Fu C, Underwood C. A meta-review of school-based disaster interventions for child and adolescent survivors. J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2015;27(3):161–71. doi: 10.2989/17280583.2015.1117978 26890398

23. Brown RC, Witt A, Fegert JM, Keller F, Rassenhofer M, Plener PL. Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Psychol Med. 2017;47(11):1893–905. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000496 28397633

24. Huff C. Shrinking the Psychiatric Shortage. Manag Care. 2018;27(1):20–2. 29369765

25. Zhu Z, Wang R, Kao HS, Zong Y, Liu Z, Tang S, et al. Effect of calligraphy training on hyperarousal symptoms for childhood survivors of the 2008 China earthquakes. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:977–985. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S55016 24940061

26. Wolmer L, Laor N, Yazgan Y. School reactivation programs after disaster: could teachers serve as clinical mediators? Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2003;12(2):363–81 12725016

27. Wolmer L, Laor N, Dedeoglu C, Siev J, Yazgan Y. Teacher-mediated intervention after disaster: a controlled three-year follow-up of children’s functioning. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;46(11):1161–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00416.x 16238663

28. Berger R, Gelkopf M. School-based intervention for the treatment of tsunami-related distress in children: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78:364–371. doi: 10.1159/000235976 19738402

29. UNDP. ISDR Global Assessment Report on Poverty and Disaster Risk 2009, global assessment of risk, Nepal Country report. Kathmandu: United Nations Development Programme; 2009. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/nepal/docs/reports/UNDP_NP_Nepal%20Country%20Report.pdf. [Accessed January 11, 2018.

30. MoHA. Nepal earthquake 2072: situation update as of 11th May. Kathmandu: Ministry of Home Affairs; 2015. http://drrportal.gov.np/uploads/document/14.pdf. [Accessed December 24, 2017]

31. National Planning Commission GoN, UNDP. Nepal earthquake 2015 post disaster needs assessment. Kathmandu: National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal; 2015. https://www.npc.gov.np/images/category/PDNA_volume_BFinalVersion.pdf. [Accessed January 18, 2018]

32. OSOCC, UNOCHA, ACAPS. Nepal earthquake district profile 2015. Nepal: On-Site Operations Coordination Centre, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, The Assessment Capacity Projects; 2015. http://un.info.np/Net/NeoDocs/View/4728 [Accessed January, 2018]

33. IASC. IASC Guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings. Geneva: Inter-Agency Standing Committee; 2007.

34. UNRWA. Psychosocial support for education in emergencies—training and resource package for teachers and counsellors. Gaza: United Nations Relief Works Agency; 2013. http://s3.amazonaws.com/ineeassets/resources/UNRWA_PSS_for_Education_in_Emergencies_Training_PackageFINALJUNE.pdf [Accessed January, 2018]

35. Dhand NK, Khatkar MS. Sample size calculator for comparing two independent means. Statulator: an online statistical calculator. 2014 [Cited 2019 April 26] http://statulator.com/SampleSize/ss2M.html

36. Foa EB, Johnson KM, Feeny NC, Treadwell KR. The child PTSD Symptom Scale: a preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001;30:376–384. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3003_9 11501254

37. Birleson P. The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a self-rating scale: a research report. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1981;22:73–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x 7451588

38. Hanchate AD, Kapoor A, Katz JN, McCormick D, Lasser KE, Feng C, et al. Massachusetts health reform and disparities in joint replacement use: difference in differences study. BMJ. 2015 Feb 20; 350: h440 doi: 10.1136/bmj.h440 25700849

39. Luitel NP, Jordans MJ, Adhikari A, Upadhaya N, Hanlon C, Lund C, et al. Mental health care in Nepal: current situation and challenges for development of a district mental health care plan. Confl Health. 2015;9:3. doi: 10.1186/s13031-014-0030-5 25694792

40. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ, Byrne CM, Diaz E, Kaniasty K. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry. 2002;65(3):207–39. doi: 10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173 12405079

41. Giannopoulou I, Strouthos M, Smith P, Dikaiakou A, Galanopoulou V, Yule W. Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999 earthquake. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21(3):160–6 doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.09.005 16529912

42. Goenjian AK, Walling D, Steinberg AM, Karayan I, Najarian LM, Pynoos R. A prospective study of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among treated and untreated adolescents 5 years after a catastrophic disaster. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(12):2302–8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2302 16330594

43. Lamichhane J. Health consequences of the blockade in Nepal. Lancet. 2015;386:2251.

44. Schmid KL, Lopez SJ. Positive pathways to adulthood: the role of hope in adolescents’ constructions of their futures. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2011;41:69–88. 23259189


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 10
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

Současné pohledy na riziko v parodontologii
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. Ladislav Korábek, CSc., MBA

Svět praktické medicíny 3/2024 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Kardiologické projevy hypereozinofilií
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Petr Němec, Ph.D.

Střevní příprava před kolonoskopií
Autoři: MUDr. Klára Kmochová, Ph.D.

Aktuální možnosti diagnostiky a léčby litiáz
Autoři: MUDr. Tomáš Ürge, PhD.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#