A refinement approach in a mouse model of rehabilitation research. Analgesia strategy, reduction approach and infrared thermography in spinal cord injury
Autoři:
Veronica Redaelli aff001; Simonetta Papa aff002; Gerardo Marsella aff003; Giuliano Grignaschi aff003; Alice Bosi aff004; Nicola Ludwig aff005; Fabio Luzi aff001; Irma Vismara aff002; Stefano Rimondo aff002; Pietro Veglianese aff002; Svetlana Tepteva aff001; Silvia Mazzola aff001; Pietro Zerbi aff006; Luca Porcu aff007; John V. Roughan aff008; Gianfranco Parati aff004; Laura Calvillo aff004
Působiště autorů:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
aff001; Department of Neuroscience. Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
aff002; Animal Care Unit, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
aff003; Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S.Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
aff004; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
aff005; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
aff006; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
aff007; Institute of Neuroscience, Comparative Biology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
aff008; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
aff009
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224337
Souhrn
The principles of Refinement, Replacement and Reduction (3R’s) should be taken into account when animals must be used for scientific purpose. Here, a Reduction / Refinement approach was applied to the procedure of spinal cord injury (SCI), an animal model used in rehabilitation medicine research, in order to improve the quality of experiments, avoiding unnecessary suffering. The aims of this investigation were 1- to assess acute surgical pain in mice subjected to SCI, 2- to compare the efficacy of commonly used analgesia (three buprenorphine subcutaneous injection in 48 hours, 0,15 mg/kg each) with a combination of opioid and NSAID (one subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg carprofen before surgery followed by three buprenorphine subcutaneous injection in 48 hours, 0,15 mg/kg each) and 3- to test if Infrared Thermography (IRT) could be a potential new Refinement method to easily assess thermoregulation, an important metabolic parameter. Finally, we aimed to achieve these goals without recruiting animals on purpose, but using mice already scheduled for studies on SCI. By using behaviours analysis, we found that, despite being commonly used, buprenorphine does not completely relieve acute surgical pain, whereas the combination of buprenorphine and carprofen significantly decreases pain signs by 80%. IRT technology turned out to be a very useful Refinement tool being a non invasive methods to measure animal temperature, particularly useful when rectal probe cannot be used, as in the case of SCI. We could find that temperatures constantly and significantly increased until 7 days after surgery and then slowly decreased and, finally, we could observe that in the buprenorphine and carprofen treated group, temperatures were statistically lower than in the buprenorphine-alone treated mice. To our knowledge this is the first work providing an analgesic Refinement and a description of thermoregulatory response using the IRT technology, in mice subjected to SCI.
Klíčová slova:
Analgesia – Analgesics – Animal behavior – Ears – Mice – Mouse models – Spinal cord injury – Surgical and invasive medical procedures
Zdroje
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