Electronic device use and beverage related sugar and caffeine intake in US adolescents
Autoři:
Kelly M. Bradbury aff001; Ofir Turel aff002; Katherine M. Morrison aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
aff001; Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences, Mihaylo College of Business and Economics, California State University—Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
aff002
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223912
Souhrn
Background
Despite recent declines in consumption of sugary beverages, energy drinks (ED) and sodas continue to contribute a substantial amount of sugar and caffeine to the diet of youth. Consumption of these beverages has been linked with electronic device use, however in-depth associations between sugar and caffeine intake from energy drinks and sodas with various electronic devices are not clear.
Objective
Describe the relationship of soda and energy drink consumption and associated added sugar and caffeine intake with electronic device use among adolescents.
Methods
Secondary data from the 2013–2016 cycles of Monitoring the Future Survey, a national, repeated, cross-sectional study, were analyzed. Information on energy drink and soda consumption by students in grades 8 and 10 (n = 32,418) from 252–263 schools randomly sampled from all US states was used.
Results
Soda and energy drink consumption decreased each year from 2013–2016 while daily use of electronic devices remained stable. An additional hour/day of TV was linked to a 6.92g (6.31,7.48; p<0.001) increase in sugar intake and a 32% (OR = 1.32; 1.29,1.35; p < .001) higher risk of exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) recommended sugar intakes. Further, each hour/day of TV was linked to a 28% increased risk of exceeding caffeine recommendations (OR = 1.25–1.31; p<0.001). Each hour per day talking on a cellphone was associated with an increased risk of exceeding WHO sugar and caffeine intakes by 14% (OR = 1.11–1.16; p<0.001) and 18% (OR = 1.15–1.21; p<0.001) respectively. Video game use was only weakly linked to caffeine intake. Computer use for school was associated with lower likelihood of exceeding sugar intake cut-offs.
Conclusion
While a trend towards reduced energy drink and soda intake from 2013–2016 was evident, greater electronic device use, especially TV time, was linked to higher intake of beverage-derived added sugar and caffeine amongst adolescents. Addressing these behaviours through counselling or health promotion could potentially help to reduce excess sugar and caffeine intake from sodas and energy drinks among this population.
Klíčová slova:
Adolescents – Beverages – Caffeine – Diet – Electronics – Schools – Social media – Video games
Zdroje
1. Malik VS, Pan A, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(4):1084–102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362 23966427
2. Luger M, Lafontan M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Winzer E, Yumuk V, Farpour-Lambert N. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review from 2013 to 2015 and a Comparison with Previous Studies. Obes Facts. 2017;10(6):674–93. doi: 10.1159/000484566 29237159
3. Williams RD Jr., Housman JM, Odum M, Rivera AE. Energy Drink Use Linked to High-sugar Beverage Intake and BMI among Teens. Am J Health Behav. 2017;41(3):259–65. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.41.3.5 28376970
4. Rodriguez LA, Madsen KA, Cotterman C, Lustig RH. Added sugar intake and metabolic syndrome in US adolescents: cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(13):2424–34. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016000057 26932353
5. Loh DA, Moy FM, Zaharan NL, Jalaludin MY, Mohamed Z. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and its associations with cardiometabolic risks among adolescents. Pediatr Obes. 2017;12(1):e1–e5. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12108 26843446
6. Vos MB, Kaar JL, Welsh JA, Van Horn LV, Feig DI, Anderson CAM, et al. Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;135(19). doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000439 27550974
7. Malik VS. Sugar sweetened beverages and cardiometabolic health. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2017;32(5):572–9. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000439 28639973
8. Sheiham A, James W. Diet and dental caries: the pivotal role of free sugars reemphasized. J Dent Res. 2015;94(10):1341–7. doi: 10.1177/0022034515590377 26261186
9. Calamaro CJ, Yang K, Ratcliffe S, Chasens ER. Wired at a Young Age: The Effect of Caffeine and Technology on Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index in School-Aged Children. J Pediatr Health Care. 2012;26(4):276–82. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2010.12.002 22726712
10. Turel O, Romashkin A, Morrison K. A model linking video gaming, sleep quality, sweet drinks consumption and obesity among children and youth. Clin Obes. 2017;7(4):191–8. doi: 10.1111/cob.12191 28320073
11. Johnson RK, Lichtenstein AH, Anderson CAM, Carson JA, Despres JP, Hu FB, et al. Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic Health: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;138(9):e126–e40. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000569 30354445
12. Swithers SE. Artificial sweeteners are not the answer to childhood obesity. Appetite. 2015;93:85–90. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.027 25828597
13. Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, Farooqi IS, Murad MH, Silverstein JH, et al. Pediatric obesity—assessment, treatment, and prevention: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):709–57. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2573 28359099
14. United States Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In: Department of Agriculture, editor. 8 ed: USDA; 2015. p. 144.
15. Pound CM, Blair B, Boctor DL, Casey LM, Critch JN, Farrell C, et al. Energy and sports drinks in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2017;22(7):406–10. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxx132 29491725
16. Visram S, Cheetham M, Riby DM, Crossley SJ, Lake AA. Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. BMJ Open. 2016;6(10):e010380. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380 27855083
17. Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: are they appropriate? Pediatrics. 2011;127(6):1182–9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0965 21624882
18. Kit BK, Fakhouri TH, Park S, Nielsen SJ, Ogden CL. Trends in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among youth and adults in the United States: 1999–2010. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(1):180–8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.057943 23676424
19. Bleich SN, Vercammen KA, Koma JW, Li Z. Trends in Beverage Consumption Among Children and Adults, 2003–2014. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(2):432–41. doi: 10.1002/oby.22056 29134763
20. Verster JC, Koenig J. Caffeine intake and its sources: A review of national representative studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(8):1250–9. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1247252 28605236
21. World Health Organization. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015. 49 p.
22. WHO calls on countries to reduce sugars intake among adults and children [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2015
23. Tajeu GS, Sen B. New pathways from short sleep to obesity? Associations between short sleep and “secondary” eating and drinking behavior. Am J Health Promot. 2017;31(3):181–8. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.140509-QUAN-198 26559711
24. Costa BM, Hayley A, Miller P. Young adolescents’ perceptions, patterns, and contexts of energy drink use. A focus group study. Appetite. 2014;80:183–9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.013 24852220
25. Visram S, Crossley SJ, Cheetham M, Lake A. Children and young people’s perceptions of energy drinks: A qualitative study. PloS one. 2017;12(11):e0188668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188668 29190753
26. Chaput JP, Klingenberg L, Astrup A, Sjödin AM. Modern sedentary activities promote overconsumption of food in our current obesogenic environment. Obes Rev. 2011;12(5):e12–e20. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00772.x 20576006
27. Ogden J, Coop N, Cousins C, Crump R, Field L, Hughes S, et al. Distraction, the desire to eat and food intake. Towards an expanded model of mindless eating. Appetite. 2013;62:119–26. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.023 23219989
28. Chaput J-P, Visby T, Nyby S, Klingenberg L, Gregersen NT, Tremblay A, et al. Video game playing increases food intake in adolescents: a randomized crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(6):1196–203. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008680 21490141
29. Mazarello Paes V, Hesketh K, O'Malley C, Moore H, Summerbell C, Griffin S, et al. Determinants of sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption in young children: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2015;16(11):903–13. doi: 10.1111/obr.12310 26252417
30. Ranjit N, Evans MH, Byrd-Williams C, Evans AE, Hoelscher DM. Dietary and activity correlates of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):e754–61. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1229 20876172
31. Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Chaput J-P. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks and adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations among adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2017;29(5). doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0098 26926857
32. Gebremariam M, Altenburg T, Lakerveld J, Andersen L, Stronks K, Chinapaw M, et al. Associations between socioeconomic position and correlates of sedentary behaviour among youth: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2015;16(11):988–1000. doi: 10.1111/obr.12314 26317685
33. Kenney EL, Gortmaker SL. United States Adolescents' Television, Computer, Videogame, Smartphone, and Tablet Use: Associations with Sugary Drinks, Sleep, Physical Activity, and Obesity. J Pediatr. 2017;182:144–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.015 27988020
34. Scully M, Morley B, Niven P, Crawford D, Pratt IS, Wakefield M. Factors associated with high consumption of soft drinks among Australian secondary-school students. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(13):2340–8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000118 28238298
35. Park S, Blanck HM, Sherry B, Brener N, O’Toole T. Factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake among United States high school students. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):306–12. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.148536 22223568
36. Marsh S, Mhurchu CN, Maddison R. The non-advertising effects of screen-based sedentary activities on acute eating behaviours in children, adolescents, and young adults. A systematic review. Appetite. 2013;71:259–73. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.017 24001394
37. Johnston L, O'Malley P, Bachman J, Schulenberg J. Monitoring the Future: National Results on Drug Use 2012: Overview of Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use. University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. 2013.
38. Miech RA, Johnston LD, Bachman JG, O'Malley PM, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of American Youth (12th-Grade Survey). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]; 2018.
39. Bachman JG, Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Schulenberg JE. The Monitoring the Future project after thirty-seven years: design and procedures (Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper No. 76). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research. 2011:93.
40. Sugar in Drinks [Web Page]. Caffeine Informer; 2018 [updated 2018; cited 2018 June 2018]. Available from: https://www.caffeineinformer.com/sugar-in-drinks.
41. Caffeine Content of Drinks [Web Page]. Online: Caffeine Informer; 2018 [updated 2018; cited 2018 June 2018]. Available from: https://www.caffeineinformer.com/the-caffeine-database.
42. Kuczmarski RJ. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States; methods and development. Vital Health Stat. 2002;11(246):1–190.
43. Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, Brorby GP, Britt J, Myers E, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017;109:585–648. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.002 28438661
44. Miles G, Siega-Riz AM. Trends in food and beverage consumption among infants and toddlers: 2005–2012. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6):e20163290. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3290 28562265
45. Mooney CZ, Duval RD, Duvall R. Quantitative applications in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1993.
46. Cumming G. Inference by eye: reading the overlap of independent confidence intervals. Stat Med. 2009;28(2):205–20. doi: 10.1002/sim.3471 18991332
47. Murray R, Bhatia J, Okamoto J, Allison M, Ancona R, Attisha E, et al. Snacks, sweetened beverages, added sugars, and schools. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):575–83. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3902 25713277
48. Kumar G, Onufrak S, Zytnick D, Kingsley B, Park S. Self-reported advertising exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages among US youth. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(7):1173–9. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014001785 25166512
49. Emond JA, Sargent JD, Gilbert-Diamond D. Patterns of Energy Drink Advertising Over US Television Networks. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2015;47(2):120–6.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.11.005 25754297
50. Lee SC, Koleilat M, Hernandez LM, Whaley SE, Davis JN. Screen Time Associated to Unhealthy Diets in Low-Income Children. J Food Nutr Res (Newark). 2016;4(2):94–9. doi: 10.12691/jfnr-4-2-5
51. Ciccone J, Woodruff SJ, Fryer K, Campbell T, Cole M. Associations among evening snacking, screen time, weight status, and overall diet quality in young adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(7):789–94. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0374 23980738
52. da Mata Gonçalves RF, de Almeida Barreto D, Monteiro PI, Zangeronimo MG, Castelo PM, van der Bilt A, et al. Smartphone use while eating increases caloric ingestion. Physiol Behav. 2019;204:93–9. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.021 30776379
53. Larson N, DeWolfe J, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Adolescent Consumption of Sports and Energy Drinks: Linkages to Higher Physical Activity, Unhealthy Beverage Patterns, Cigarette Smoking, and Screen Media Use. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2014;46(3):181–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.02.008 24809865
54. Desai RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo D, Potenza MN. Video-gaming among high school students: health correlates, gender differences, and problematic gaming. Pediatrics. 2010;126(6):e1414–e24. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2706 21078729
55. Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Sobayel HI, Abahussain NA, Qahwaji DM, Alahmadi MA, Musaiger AO. Association of dietary habits with levels of physical activity and screen time among adolescents living in Saudi Arabia. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014;27:204–13. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12147 23889093
56. Lyons EJ, Tate DF, Ward DS, Wang X. Energy intake and expenditure during sedentary screen time and motion-controlled video gaming. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(2):234–9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.028423 22760571
57. Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Chaput J-P, Hamilton HA. Associations between the use of social networking sites and unhealthy eating behaviours and excess body weight in adolescents. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(11):1941–7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515003566 26400488
58. Avery A, Anderson C, McCullough F. Associations between children's diet quality and watching television during meal or snack consumption: A systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(4):e12428. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12428 28211230
59. Scharf RJ, DeBoer MD. Sugar-sweetened beverages and children's health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2016;37:273–93. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021528 26989829
60. Avery A, Bostock L, McCullough F. A systematic review investigating interventions that can help reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in children leading to changes in body fatness. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28 Suppl 1:52–64. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12267 25233843; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4309175.
61. Lustig RH, Mulligan K, Noworolski SM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Erkin‐Cakmak A, et al. Isocaloric fructose restriction and metabolic improvement in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity. 2016;24(2):453–60. doi: 10.1002/oby.21371 26499447
62. de Ruyter JC, Olthof MR, Seidell JC, Katan MB. A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1397–406. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203034 22998340.
63. Hedrick VE, Davy BM, Porter KJ, Zoellner JM, Wen Y, Estabrooks PA. Dietary quality changes in response to a sugar-sweetened beverage-reduction intervention: results from the Talking Health randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):824–33. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144543 28251935
64. Leung CW, DiMatteo SG, Gosliner WA, Ritchie LD. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage and Water Intake in Relation to Diet Quality in U.S. Children. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(3):394–402. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.11.005 29338950
65. Lee KW, Shin D. A Healthy Beverage Consumption Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities in Korean Adults. J Med Food. 2018;21(9):935–45. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0119 29569988.
66. Schwimmer JB, Ugalde-Nicalo P, Welsh JA, Cordero M, Harlow KE, Alazraki A, et al. Effect of a Low Free Sugar Diet vs Usual Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(3):256–65. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.20579 30667502
67. Duffey KJ, Davy BM. The healthy beverage index is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk in US adults: A preliminary analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(10):1682–9. e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.05.005 26184445
68. Gunnell KE, Flament MF, Buchholz A, Henderson KA, Obeid N, Schubert N, et al. Examining the bidirectional relationship between physical activity, screen time, and symptoms of anxiety and depression over time during adolescence. Prev Med. 2016;88:147–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.002 27090920
69. Madigan S, Browne D, Racine N, Mori C, Tough S. Association Between Screen Time and Children’s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(3):244–50. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056 30688984
70. Chaput J-P. Sleep patterns, diet quality and energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2014;134:86–91. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.09.006 24051052
71. Chaput J-P, Després J-P, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. The association between short sleep duration and weight gain is dependent on disinhibited eating behavior in adults. Sleep. 2011;34(10):1291–7. doi: 10.5665/SLEEP.1264 21966060
72. Robinson TN, Banda JA, Hale L, Lu AS, Fleming-Milici F, Calvert SL, et al. Screen media exposure and obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140(Supplement 2):S97–S101.
73. Chaput J-P, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Maher C, et al. Sleep patterns and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children from around the world. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(13):2385–93. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018000976 29681250
74. LeBourgeois MK, Hale L, Chang A-M, Akacem LD, Montgomery-Downs HE, Buxton OM. Digital media and sleep in childhood and adolescence. Pediatrics. 2017;140(Supplement 2):S92–S6.
75. Chaput J-P, Leduc G, Boyer C, Bélanger P, LeBlanc AG, Borghese MM, et al. Electronic screens in children’s bedrooms and adiposity, physical activity and sleep: do the number and type of electronic devices matter? Can J Public Health. 2014;105(4):e273–e9. 25166130
76. Drewnowski A, Rehm CD. Sources of Caffeine in Diets of US Children and Adults: Trends by Beverage Type and Purchase Location. Nutrients. 2016;8(3):154. Epub 2016/03/16. doi: 10.3390/nu8030154 26978391
Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 10
- S diagnostikou Parkinsonovy nemoci může nově pomoci AI nástroj pro hodnocení mrkacího reflexu
- Je libo čepici místo mozkového implantátu?
- Pomůže v budoucnu s triáží na pohotovostech umělá inteligence?
- AI může chirurgům poskytnout cenná data i zpětnou vazbu v reálném čase
- Nová metoda odlišení nádorové tkáně může zpřesnit resekci glioblastomů
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Correction: Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study
- Combining CDK4/6 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib with cytotoxic agents does not enhance cytotoxicity
- Experimentally validated simulation of coronary stents considering different dogboning ratios and asymmetric stent positioning
- Risk factors associated with IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) progressing to unfavorable outcomes: A meta-analysis
Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova
Všechny kurzy