Advanced biofilm analysis in streams receiving organic deicer runoff
Autoři:
Michelle A. Nott aff001; Heather E. Driscoll aff002; Minoru Takeda aff003; Mahesh Vangala aff004; Steven R. Corsi aff001; Scott W. Tighe aff005
Působiště autorů:
Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
aff001; Vermont Genetics Network, Department of Biology, Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont, United States of America
aff002; Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Japan
aff003; Vermont Genetics Network, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
aff004; Advanced Genome Technologies Core, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227567
Souhrn
Prolific heterotrophic biofilm growth is a common occurrence in airport receiving streams containing deicers and anti-icers, which are composed of low-molecular weight organic compounds. This study investigated biofilm spatiotemporal patterns and responses to concurrent and antecedent (i.e., preceding biofilm sampling) environmental conditions at stream sites upstream and downstream from Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during two deicing seasons (2009–2010; 2010–2011). Biofilm abundance and community composition were investigated along spatial and temporal gradients using field surveys and microarray analyses, respectively. Given the recognized role of Sphaerotilus in organically enriched environments, additional analyses were pursued to specifically characterize its abundance: a consensus sthA sequence was determined via comparison of whole metagenome sequences with a previously identified sthA sequence, the primers developed for this gene were used to characterize relative Sphaerotilus abundance using quantitative real-time PCR, and a Sphaerotilus strain was isolated to validate the determined sthA sequence. Results indicated that biofilm abundance was stimulated by elevated antecedent chemical oxygen demand concentrations, a surrogate for deicer concentrations, with minimal biofilm volumes observed when antecedent chemical oxygen demand concentrations remained below 48 mg/L. Biofilms were composed of diverse communities (including sheathed bacterium Thiothrix) whose composition appeared to shift in relation to antecedent temperature and chemical oxygen demand. The relative abundance of sthA correlated most strongly with heterotrophic biofilm volume (positive) and dissolved oxygen (negative), indicating that Sphaerotilus was likely a consistent biofilm member and thrived under low oxygen conditions. Additional investigations identified the isolate as a new strain of Sphaerotilus montanus (strain KMKE) able to use deicer components as carbon sources and found that stream dissolved oxygen concentrations related inversely to biofilm volume as well as to antecedent temperature and chemical oxygen demand. The airport setting provides insight into potential consequences of widescale adoption of organic deicers for roadway deicing.
Klíčová slova:
Airports – Bacterial biofilms – Biofilms – Chemical oxygen demand – Microarrays – Sequence alignment – Sequence analysis – Sequence databases
Zdroje
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