A human mission to Mars: Predicting the bone mineral density loss of astronauts
Autoři:
Eneko Axpe aff001; Doreen Chan aff002; Metadel F. Abegaz aff001; Ann-Sofie Schreurs aff001; Joshua S. Alwood aff001; Ruth K. Globus aff001; Eric A. Appel aff002
Působiště autorů:
Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, California, United States of America
aff001; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
aff002; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
aff003; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226434
Souhrn
A round-trip human mission to Mars is anticipated to last roughly three years. Spaceflight conditions are known to cause loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in astronauts, increasing bone fracture risk. There is an urgent need to understand BMD progression as a function of spaceflight time to minimize associated health implications and ensure mission success. Here we introduce a nonlinear mathematical model of BMD loss for candidate human missions to Mars: (i) Opposition class trajectory (400–600 days), and (ii) Conjunction class trajectory (1000–1200 days). Using femoral neck BMD data (N = 69) from astronauts after 132-day and 228-day spaceflight and the World Health Organization’s fracture risk recommendation, we predicted post-mission risk and associated osteopathology. Our model predicts 62% opposition class astronauts and 100% conjunction class astronauts will develop osteopenia, with 33% being at risk for osteoporosis. This model can help in implementing countermeasure strategies and inform space agencies’ choice of crew candidates.
Klíčová slova:
Bone density – Bone fracture – Mathematical models – Osteopenia and osteoporosis – Osteoporosis – Spaceflight – Mars – Astronauts
Zdroje
1. Osterhoff G, Morgan EF, Shefelbine SJ, Karim L, McNamara LM, Augat P. Bone mechanical properties and changes with osteoporosis. Injury. 2016;47 Suppl 2: S11–20. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(16)47003-8 27338221
2. Keyak JH, Koyama AK, LeBlanc A, Lu Y, Lang TF. Reduction in proximal femoral strength due to long-duration spaceflight. Bone. 2009;44: 449–53. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.11.014 19100348
3. Cavanagh PR, Licata AA, Rice AJ. Exercise and pharmacological countermeasures for bone loss during long-duration space flight. Gravit Space Biol Bull. 2005;18: 39–58. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16038092 16038092
4. Sibonga JD, Cavanagh PR, Lang TF, LeBlanc AD, Schneider VS, Shackelford LC, et al. Adaptation of the Skeletal System During Long-Duration Spaceflight. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab. 2007;5: 249–261. doi: 10.1007/s12018-008-9012-8
5. Lang T, Van Loon JJWA, Bloomfield S, Vico L, Chopard A, Rittweger J, et al. Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities. npj Microgravity. 2017;3: 8. doi: 10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0 28649630
6. Sibonga JD, Evans HJ, Sung HG, Spector ER, Lang TF, Oganov VS, et al. Recovery of spaceflight-induced bone loss: Bone mineral density after long-duration missions as fitted with an exponential function. Bone. 2007;41: 973–978. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.08.022 17931994
7. Li W, Kezele I, Collins DL, Zijdenbos A, Keyak J, Kornak J, et al. Voxel-based modeling and quantification of the proximal femur using inter-subject registration of quantitative CT images. Bone. 2007;41: 888–895. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.07.006 17707712
8. Dana Carpenter R, LeBlanc AD, Evans H, Sibonga JD, Lang TF. Long-term changes in the density and structure of the human hip and spine after long-duration spaceflight. Acta Astronaut. 2010;67: 71–81. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.01.022
9. Zhao Q, Li W, Li C, Chu PW, Kornak J, Lang TF, et al. A statistical method (cross-validation) for bone loss region detection after spaceflight. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2010;33: 163–169. doi: 10.1007/s13246-010-0024-6 20632144
10. Lang T, LeBlanc A, Evans H, Lu Y, Genant H, Yu A. Cortical and Trabecular Bone Mineral Loss From the Spine and Hip in Long-Duration Spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19: 1006–1012. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040307 15125798
11. Lang TF, Leblanc AD, Evans HJ, Lu Y. Adaptation of the Proximal Femur to Skeletal Reloading After Long-Duration Spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21: 1224–1230. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.060509 16869720
12. Sibonga JD. Spaceflight-induced Bone Loss: Is there an Osteoporosis Risk? Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2013;11: 92–98. doi: 10.1007/s11914-013-0136-5 23564190
13. LeBlanc AD, Spector ER, Evans HJ, Sibonga JD. Skeletal responses to space flight and the bed rest analog: a review. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 7: 33–47. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17396004 17396004
14. Oganov VS, Bogomolov V V. The human skeletal system in weightlessness: A review of research data, hypotheses, and the possibility of predicting the state in long-term (Interplanetary) missions. Hum Physiol. 2011;37: 768–776. doi: 10.1134/S0362119711070243
15. Cappellesso R, Nicole L, Guido A, Pizzol D. Spaceflight osteoporosis: current state and future perspective. Endocr Regul. 2015;49: 231–9. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494042 doi: 10.4149/endo_2015_04_231 26494042
16. Mahoney E. 2018 Global Exploration Roadmap. 2018.
17. LeBlanc A, Lin C, Shackelford L, Sinitsyn V, Evans H, Belichenko O, et al. Muscle volume, MRI relaxation times (T2), and body composition after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89: 2158–2164. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2158 11090562
18. Nelson ES, Lewandowski B, Licata A, Myers JG. Development and Validation of a Predictive Bone Fracture Risk Model for Astronauts. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009;37: 2337–2359. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9779-x 19707874
19. Sibonga JD, Evans HJ, Sung HG, Spector ER, Lang TF, Oganov VS, et al. Recovery of spaceflight-induced bone loss: Bone mineral density after long-duration missions as fitted with an exponential function. Bone. 2007;41: 973–978. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.08.022 17931994
20. Minaire P, Neunier P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Courpron P, Bourret J. Quantitative histological data on disuse osteoporosis: comparison with biological data. Calcif Tissue Res. 1974;17: 57–73. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4451877 doi: 10.1007/bf02547214 4451877
21. Maïmoun L, Fattal C, Micallef J-P, Peruchon E, Rabischong P. Bone loss in spinal cord-injured patients: from physiopathology to therapy. Spinal Cord. 2006;44: 203–210. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101832 16158075
22. Scott JM, Warburton DER, Williams D, Whelan S, Krassioukov A. Challenges, concerns and common problems: physiological consequences of spinal cord injury and microgravity. Spinal Cord. 2011;49: 4–16. doi: 10.1038/sc.2010.53 20498665
23. Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Harris F, Genant HK, Ensrud K, LaCroix AZ, et al. Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. Am J Med. 2002;112: 281–9. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11893367 doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01124-x 11893367
24. Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S, et al. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29: 2520–6. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2269 24771492
25. Sözen T, Özışık L, Başaran NÇ. An overview and management of osteoporosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4: 46–56. doi: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048 28293453
26. Goodliff KE, Stromgren C, Dickert Z, Ewert MK, Hill J, Moore C. Logistics Needs for Future Human Exploration Beyond Low Earth Orbit. AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2017. doi: 10.2514/6.2017–5122
27. Mattfeld B, Stromgren C, Shyface H, Komar DR, Cirillo W, Goodliff K. Trades Between Opposition and Conjunction Class Trajectories for Early Human Missions to Mars. Am Inst Aeronaut Astronaut. 2014; 1–17. Available: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20150001240.pdf
28. Sibonga JD, Evans HJ, Smith SA, Spector ER, Yardley G. Evidence Report: Risk of Bone Fracture due to Spaceflight- induced Changes to Bone. 2018; 1–34.
29. Orwoll ES, Adler RA, Amin S, Binkley N, Lewiecki EM, Petak SM, et al. Skeletal health in long-duration astronauts: Nature, assessment, and management recommendations from the NASA bone summit. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28: 1243–1255. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1948 23553962
30. Vico L, Hargens A. Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14: 229–245. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37 29559713
31. Smith SM, Heer MA, Shackelford LC, Sibonga JD, Ploutz-Snyder L, Zwart SR. Benefits for bone from resistance exercise and nutrition in long-duration spaceflight: Evidence from biochemistry and densitometry. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27: 1896–1906. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1647 22549960
32. Nicogossian AE. Space biology and medicine. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 1993. Available: https://books.google.com/books/about/Space_Biology_and_Medicine.html?id=0EtRAAAAMAAJ
33. Lang TF, Leblanc AD, Evans HJ, Lu Y. Adaptation of the proximal femur to skeletal reloading after long-duration spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21: 1224–1230. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.060509 16869720
34. Shanbhogue V V, Hansen S, Frost M, Jørgensen NR, Hermann AP, Henriksen JE, et al. Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30: 2188–2199. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2573 26096924
Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2020 Číslo 1
- S diagnostikou Parkinsonovy nemoci může nově pomoci AI nástroj pro hodnocení mrkacího reflexu
- Proč při poslechu některé muziky prostě musíme tančit?
- Je libo čepici místo mozkového implantátu?
- Chůze do schodů pomáhá prodloužit život a vyhnout se srdečním chorobám
- Pomůže v budoucnu s triáží na pohotovostech umělá inteligence?
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Severity of misophonia symptoms is associated with worse cognitive control when exposed to misophonia trigger sounds
- Chemical analysis of snus products from the United States and northern Europe
- Calcium dobesilate reduces VEGF signaling by interfering with heparan sulfate binding site and protects from vascular complications in diabetic mice
- Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (CECT 4529) supplementation in drinking water on chicken crop and caeca microbiome
Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova
Všechny kurzy