The strain distribution in the lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament is affected by the loading condition and bony features: An in vitro full-field analysis

English version

Autoři: Marco Palanca ^aff001; Maria Luisa Ruspi ^aff001; Luca Cristofolini ^aff001; Christian Liebsch ^aff002; Tomaso Villa ^aff003; Marco Brayda-Bruno ^aff005; Fabio Galbusera ^aff004; Hans-Joachim Wilke ^aff002; Luigi La Barbera ^aff003
Působiště autorů: Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy ^aff001; Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm (ZTF), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany ^aff002; Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy ^aff003; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy ^aff004; Department of Spine Surgery III, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy ^aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227210

Souhrn

The role of the ligaments is fundamental in determining the spine biomechanics in physiological and pathological conditions. The anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) is fundamental in constraining motions especially in the sagittal plane. The ALL also confines the intervertebral discs, preventing herniation. The specific contribution of the ALL has indirectly been investigated in the past as a part of whole spine segments where the structural flexibility was measured. The mechanical properties of isolated ALL have been measured as well. The strain distribution in the ALL has never been measured under pseudo-physiological conditions, as part of multi-vertebra spine segments. This would help elucidate the biomechanical function of the ALL. The aim of this study was to investigate in depth the biomechanical function of the ALL in front of the lumbar vertebrae and of the intervertebral disc. Five lumbar cadaveric spine specimens were subjected to different loading scenarios (flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial torsion) using a state-of-the-art spine tester. The full-field strain distribution on the anterior surface was measured using digital image correlation (DIC) adapted and validated for application to spine segments. The measured strain maps were highly inhomogeneous: the ALL was generally more strained in front of the discs than in front of the vertebrae, with some locally higher strains both imputable to ligament fibers and related to local bony defects. The strain distributions were significantly different among the loading configurations, but also between opposite directions of loading (flexion vs. extension, right vs. left lateral bending, clockwise vs. counterclockwise torsion). This study allowed for the first time to assess the biomechanical behaviour of the anterior longitudinal ligament for the different loading of the spine. We were able to identify both the average trends, and the local effects related to osteophytes, a key feature indicative of spine degeneration.

Klíčová slova:

Bending – Biomechanics – Computed axial tomography – Ligaments – Mechanical properties – Spine – Vertebrae – Lumbar vertebrae

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The strain distribution in the lumbar anterior longitudinal ligament is affected by the loading condition and bony features: An in vitro full-field analysis

Souhrn

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