Cryo-focused ion beam preparation of perovskite based solar cells for atom probe tomography
Autoři:
Nicolás Alfonso Rivas aff001; Aslihan Babayigit aff001; Bert Conings aff001; Torsten Schwarz aff003; Andreas Sturm aff003; Alba Garzón Manjón aff003; Oana Cojocaru-Mirédin aff004; Baptiste Gault aff003; Frank Uwe Renner aff001
Působiště autorů:
Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Limburg, Belgium
aff001; IMEC vzw. Division IMOMEC, Diepenbeek, Limburg, Belgium
aff002; Department of Microstructure physics and alloy design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, North Rhein-Westfalia, Germany
aff003; Institut of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhein-Westfalia, Germany
aff004; Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227920
Souhrn
Focused-ion beam lift-out and annular milling is the most common method used for obtaining site specific specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) experiments and transmission electron microscopy. However, one of the main limitations of this technique comes from the structural damage as well as chemical degradation caused by the beam of high-energy ions. These aspects are especially critical in highly-sensitive specimens. In this regard, ion beam milling under cryogenic conditions has been an established technique for damage mitigation. Here, we implement a cryo-focused ion beam approach to prepare specimens for APT measurements from a quadruple cation perovskite-based solar cell device with 19.7% efficiency. As opposed to room temperature FIB milling we found that cryo-milling considerably improved APT results in terms of yield and composition measurement, i.e. halide loss, both related to less defects within the APT specimen. Based on our approach we discuss the prospects of reliable atom probe measurements of perovskite based solar cell materials. An insight into the field evaporation behavior of the organic-inorganic molecules that compose the perovskite material is also given with the aim of expanding the applicability of APT experiments towards nano-characterization of complex organo-metal materials.
Klíčová slova:
Electric field – Electrostatics – Evaporation – Iodine – Lasers – Photovoltaic power – Specimen preparation and treatment – Ionization
Zdroje
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