The effect of various metal-salts on the sedimentation of soil in a water-based suspension
Autoři:
Andras Sebok aff001; Viktoria Labancz aff001; Imre Czinkota aff001; Attila Nemes aff002
Působiště autorů:
Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Szent Istvan University, Godollo, Hungary
aff001; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, As, Norway
aff002
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227338
Souhrn
Soil particles and bound nutrients that erode from agricultural land may end up in surface waters and cause undesirable changes to the environment. Various measures, among them constructed wetlands have been proposed as mitigation, but their efficiency varies greatly. This work was motivated by the assumption that the induced coagulation of particles may accelerate sedimentation in such wetlands and by that help reduce the amount of material that is lost from the vicinity of the diffuse source. Our specific aim was to laboratory-test the effectiveness of various salt-based coagulants in accelerating the process of sedimentation. We tested the effect of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ cations in 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg L-1 doses added to a soil solution in select, soluble forms of their chlorides, sulphates and hydroxides. We mixed such salts with 1 gram of physically dispersed, clay and silt rich (>85% in total) soil material in 500 mL of solution and used time-lapse photography and image analysis to evaluate the progress of sedimentation over 3 hours. We found that 20–40 mg L-1 doses of Mg2+, Ca2+ in their chloride or sulphate forms appeared to provide the best consensus in terms of efficiently accelerating sedimentation using environmentally present and acceptable salts but keeping their dosage to a minimum. Comprehensive in-field efficiency and environmental acceptability testing is warranted prior to any practical implementation, as well as an assessment of small scale economic and large-scale environmental benefits by retaining soil and nutrients at/near the farm.
Klíčová slova:
Anions – Cations – Chlorides – Magnesium chloride – Ponds – Sedimentation – Sulfates – Surface water
Zdroje
1. Lundekvam H, Skoien S. Soil erosion in Norway. An overview of measurements from soil loss plots. Soil Use and Management. 1998; 14(2): 84–89.
2. Uusi-Kamppa J, Braskerud B, Jansson H, Syversen N, Uusitalo R. Buffer Zones and Constructed Wetlands as Filters for Agricultural Phosphorus. J. of Env. Quality. 1998; 29(1): 151–158.
3. Blankenberg AGB, Haarstad K, Paruch AM. Agricultural Runoff in Norway: The Problem, the Regulations, and the Role of Wetlands. In: Vymazal J. (ed.) The Role of Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Nutrient Cycling and Retention on the Landscape. Springer, Cham. 2015; 137–147. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-08177-9_10
4. Braskerud BC, Lundekvam H, and Krogstad T. The Impact of Hydraulic Load and Aggregation on Sedimentation of Soil Particles in Small Constructed Wetlands. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2000; 29(6): 2013–2020. doi: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060039x
5. Sveistrup TE, Marcelino VM, Braskerud B. Aggregates explain the high clay retention of small constructed wetlands: A micromorphological study. Boreal Environment Research. 2008; 13(6): 275–284.
6. Baartman JEM, Temme AJAM, Veldkamp T, Jetten VG, Schoorl JM. Exploring the role of rainfall variability and extreme events in long-term landscape development. Catena 2013; 109: 25–38. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.05.003
7. Zhang L, Loáiciga AH, Xu M, Du C, Du Y. Kinetics and mechanisms of phosphorus adsorption in soils from diverse ecological zones in the source area of a drinking-water reservoir. Int. J. Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(11): 14312–14326. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121114312 26569278
8. Atalay A. Variation in phosphorus sorption with soil particle size. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 2010; 10(3): 317–335.
9. Dong A, Simsiman GV, Chesters G. Particle-size distribution and phosphorus levels in soil, sediment, and urban dust and dirt samples from the Menomonee River Watershed, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Water research. 1983; 17(5): 569–577.
10. Ulén B. Size and Settling Velocity of Phosphorus-Containing Particles in Water from Agricultural Drains. Water Air and Soil Pollution J. 2004; 157: 331–343.
11. Somasundaran P. Encylopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, Volume 2., CRC Press, New York, USA; 2006
12. Raghu S, Basha CA. Chemical or electrochemical techniques, followed by ion exchange, for recycle of textile dye wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007; 149(2): 324–330. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.087 17512112
13. Amoo IA, Amuda OS. Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007; 141(3): 778–783. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.044 16959404
14. Bratby J. Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment, third edition. IWA publishing, 2016. ISBN: 1780407491, 9781780407494
15. Tang X, Zheng H, Teng H, Sun Y, Guo J, Xie W, et al. Chemical coagulation process for the removal of heavy metals from water: a review, Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016, 57:4, 1733–1748, doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.977959
16. Lyklema J. Colloidal Models. A bit of History. J. of Colloid and Interface Sci. 2015; 446: 308–316.
17. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and reuse, Boston, McGraw-Hill; 2003
18. Nowicki W, Nowicka G. Verification of the Shulze-Hardy Rule: a Colloid Chemistry Experiment. J. Chem. Educ. 1994; 17: 624. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed071p624
19. De-Campos A, Mamedov AI, Huang CH. Short-Term Reducing Conditions Decrease Soil Aggregation. Soil Sci. Society of America. 2009; 73(2): 550–559.
20. Cornforth IS. The effect of the size pf soil aggregates on nutrient supply. The journal of Agricultural Science. 1968; 70(1): 83–85. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600017238
21. Thao HTB, George T, Yamakawa T, Widowati LR. Effects of soil aggregate size on phosphorus extractability and uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in two Ultisols from the Philippines. Soil science and nutrition. 2007; 54: 148–158. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00220.x
22. Wang D, Tang H, Gregory J. Relative Importance of Charge Neutralization and Precipitation on Coagulation of Kaolin with PACI: Effect of Sulfate Ion. Environmental Sci. Technol. 2002; 36(8): 1815–1820.
23. Ge F, Zhu L. Effects of coexisting anions on removal of bromide in drinking water by coagulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008;151: 676–681. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.041 17658214
24. USDA. Soil Survey Division Staff—USDA Handbook No. 18. 1993
25. EU Water Framework Directive 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000L0060, 17/04/2019.
26. Puustinen M, Koshkiaho J, Peltonen K. Influence of cultivation methods on suspended solids and phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff on clayey sloped fields in boreal climate. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environment. 2005; 05(4): 565–579.
27. Grayson RB, Finlayson BL, Gippel CJ, Hart BT. The Potential of Field Measurement for the Computation of Total Phoshporus and Suspended Solids Loads. Journal of Environmental Management. 1996; 47: 257–267.
28. Pavanelli D, Bigi A. Indirect Methods to Estimate Susp. Sediment Conc.: Reliability and Relations of Turbidity and S. Solids. Biosystem Eng. 2005; 90(1): 75–83.
29. Blankenberg AGB, Paruch AM, Paruch L, Deelstra J, Haarstadt K. Nutrients tracking and removal in constructed wetlands treating catchment runoff in Norway. In: J. Vymazal (ed.), Natural and Constructed Wetlands. 2016; 23–40. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1_2
30. Statens Vegvesen; https://www.vegvesen.no/fag/veg+og+gate/drift+og+vedlikehold/Vinterdrift/salting/sporsmal-og-svar/hvor-mye-salt/hvor-mye-salt-brukes-i-norge 30/04/2019
31. International Ski Federation (FIS). Guidelines: Salting of Cross-Country Ski Courses https://assets.fis-ski.com/image/upload/v1536833183/fis-prod/assets/Guidelines_for_Salting_of_Ski_Courses_Cross-Country.pdf 30/04/2019.
32. Aldrin M, Haffa IH, Rosland P. The effect of salting with magnesium chloride on theconcentration of particulate matter in a road tunnel. Atmospheric Environment. 2008; 42: 1762–1776.
33. Kristoffersen T. Winter Maintenance Reducing Street Dust in Olso. Best practices to reduce respirable street dust. REDUST Seminar, October 31st, 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=file&fil=REDUST_2-3_Kristoffersen.pdf 30/04/2019.
34. Raddum GG, Fjellheim A. The Norwegian liming project: Liming of river Audna, Southern Norway: A large-scale experiment of benthic invertebrate recovery. AMBIO A journal of the Human Environment. 2003; 32(3): 230–234.
35. USDA. Liming to improve soil quality in acid soils, Soil Quality–Agronomy Technical Note, 1999; 8(1): 6.
36. Liming Filipek T., Effects on Soil Properties. In: Gliński J., Horabik J., Lipiec J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht; 2011
37. International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). World Phosphate Rock Reserves and Resources. Technical Bulletin IFDC-T·75. 2010; ISBN 978-0-88090-167-3
38. Goodrich BA, Koski RD, Jacobi WR. Monitoring surface water chemistry near magnesium chloride dust suppressant treated roads in Colorado. J. of Environmental Quality. 2009;38: 2373–2381.
39. EEA: European Environment Agency, Database, Waterbase—Water Quality, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/waterbase-water-quality-7, 17/04/2019.
Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2020 Číslo 1
- S diagnostikou Parkinsonovy nemoci může nově pomoci AI nástroj pro hodnocení mrkacího reflexu
- Proč při poslechu některé muziky prostě musíme tančit?
- Je libo čepici místo mozkového implantátu?
- Chůze do schodů pomáhá prodloužit život a vyhnout se srdečním chorobám
- Pomůže v budoucnu s triáží na pohotovostech umělá inteligence?
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Severity of misophonia symptoms is associated with worse cognitive control when exposed to misophonia trigger sounds
- Chemical analysis of snus products from the United States and northern Europe
- Calcium dobesilate reduces VEGF signaling by interfering with heparan sulfate binding site and protects from vascular complications in diabetic mice
- Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (CECT 4529) supplementation in drinking water on chicken crop and caeca microbiome
Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova
Všechny kurzy