Seasonal changes of the diurnal variation of precipitation in the upper Río Chagres basin, Panamá

English version

Autoři: Tosiyuki Nakaegawa ^aff001; Reinhardt Pinzon ^aff002; Jose Fabrega ^aff002; Johnny A. Cuevas ^aff004; Hector A. De Lima ^aff004; Eric Cordoba ^aff004; Keisuke Nakayama ^aff005; Josue Ivan Batista Lao ^aff006; Alcely Lau Melo ^aff007; Diego Arturo Gonzalez ^aff007; Shoji Kusunoki ^aff008
Působiště autorů: Department of Applied Meteorology Research, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan ^aff001; Centro de Investigaciones Hidráulicas e Hidrotécnicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá ^aff002; Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación, Panamá, Panamá ^aff003; Sección de Recursos Hídricos, Autoridad del Canal Panamá, Panamá, Panamá ^aff004; Department of Civil Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan ^aff005; Instituto Profesional y Técnico de Capira, Capira, Panamá ^aff006; Hydrometeorological Departnment, Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A., Panamá, Panamá ^aff007; Department of Earth System Modeling Research, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan ^aff008
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224662

Souhrn

This study elucidated the characteristics of climatological seasonal changes in the diurnal variations of precipitation at four ground stations in the upper Río Chagres basin in the Panama Canal watershed. The seasonal changes differed among the stations, although they are located within an area of only 414 km². Precipitation peaks in the early afternoon at 1500 local standard time (LST) were observed at all the stations. At Chamon, monthly-mean hourly precipitation at every hour exceeded 0.3 mm h^–1 throughout November and December. The occurrence of morning precipitation in January and March distinguished the seasonal precipitation pattern at Esperanza from the pattern at the other stations. Analyses of the seasonal changes in the diurnal variation with pattern correlations and rotational empirical orthogonal functions grouped the stations into two pairs: no morning peak at Chico and Río Piedras in the downstream basin and morning peak at Chamon and Esperanza in the upstream basin.

Klíčová slova:

Climatology – Diurnal variations – El Niño-Southern Oscillation – Meteorology – Panama – Rain – Seasons – Wind

Zdroje

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Seasonal changes of the diurnal variation of precipitation in the upper Río Chagres basin, Panamá

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