Impact of perceived distances on international tourism
Autoři:
Trivik Verma aff001; Luís Rebelo aff003; Nuno A. M. Araújo aff003
Působiště autorů:
Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
aff001; Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, Switzerland
aff002; Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
aff003; Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225315
Souhrn
Worldwide tourism revenues have tripled in the last decade. Yet, there is a gap in our understanding of how distances shape peoples’ travel choices. To understand global tourism patterns we map the flow of tourists around the world onto a complex network and study the impact of two types of distances, geographical and through the World Airline Network, a major infrastructure for tourism. We find that although the World Airline Network serves as infrastructural support for the International Tourism Network, the flow of tourism does not correlate strongly with the extent of flight connections available worldwide. Instead, unidirectional flows appear locally forming communities that shed light on global travelling behaviour since there is only a 15% probability of finding bidirectional tourism between a pair of countries. We find that most tourists travel to neighbouring countries and mainly cover larger distances when there is a direct flight, irrespective of the time it takes. This may be a consequence of one-way cyclic tourism that we uncover by analysing the triangles that are formed by the network of flows in the International Tourism Network.
Klíčová slova:
Clustering coefficients – Decision making – Geographic distribution – Network analysis – Probability distribution – Statistical data – Airports – Network reciprocity
Zdroje
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