Backwashing performance of self-cleaning screen filters in drip irrigation systems
Autoři:
Quanli Zong aff001; Zhenji Liu aff002; Huanfang Liu aff002; Hongfei Yang aff002
Působiště autorů:
School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Engineering Research Centre of Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
aff001; College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
aff002
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226354
Souhrn
The self-cleaning screen filter is one of the most common types used in drip irrigation systems. Backwashing pressure difference and backwashing time for two screen filters with one geometry and two different screens (178 μm and 124 μm) using two water qualities (tap water and sand–water mixture) were studied in a total of 88 runs (42 runs for tap water, 22 and 24 filtration cycles for sand–water mixture and backwashing, respectively). The backwashing pressure difference and backwashing time were calculated using the experimental data, and the results were largely in the range of measured values. Three constraint conditions (flowrate, sand condition and filtration time) of backwashing pressure difference were analysed, and the optimal values of backwashing pressure difference were given as 60.0 and 70.0 kPa for 178 μm and 124 μm filters, respectively. The backwashing time of the screen filter should be an optimal value that ensures that the pressure difference between the internal and external surfaces of the screen decreased to the initial value, and the sand concentration of the backwashed outlet decreased to a small, stable value. Based on the results of the backwashing experiment and prototype observation, the optimal backwashing time was given as 30 to 45 s for both screen filters.
Klíčová slova:
Deformation – Drip irrigation – Flow rate – Laminar flow – Porosity – Prototypes – Water quality – Reynolds number
Zdroje
1. Benami A, Ofen A. Trickle irrigation. In. Irrigation engineering. Sprinkler, trickle, surface irrigation principles and agricultural practices. Israel, Haifa: Irrigation Engineering Scientific Publications. 1983. pp.257.
2. Keller J, Bliesner R D. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. An Avi book. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 1990. pp. 651.
3. Capra A, Scicolone B. Emitter and filter tests for wastewater reuse by drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 2004, 68(2):135–149
4. Adin A, Alon G. Mechanisms and process parameters of filters screens. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (ASCE), 1986, 112(4):293–304.
5. Arno´ J. Obturacio´n fı´sica en filtros de malla. Comportamiento hidrodina´ mico y aplicacio´ n a la tecnologı´a del riego localizado. [Physical clogging in screen filters. Hydrodynamic behaviour and application to the microirrigation technology.] MS Thesis, Escuela Te´cnica Superior de Ingenierı´a Agraria, Universitat Polite`cnica de Catalunya, Lleida. 1990
6. Douglas A, Bruce P E. Filtration analysis and application. In. Proceedings of the third international drip/trickle irrigation in action (pp.58-68). St. Joseph, MI: ASAE. 1985.
7. Gilbert R G, Ford H W. Operational principles-emitter clogging. In G. S. Nakayama, and D. A. Bucks (Eds.), Trickle irrigation for crop production. The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers. 1986.
8. Zeier K R, Hills D J. Trickle irrigation screen filter performance as affected by sand size and concentration. Transactions of the ASAE, 1987, 30(3):735–739
9. Zong Q L, Zheng T G, Liu H Fand Li CJ. Development of head loss equations for self-cleaning screen filters in drip irrigation systems using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 2015,133: 116–127.
10. Liu H F, Zheng T G, Liu F, Zong Q L. Analysis of Filtering Time and Sewage Time for Automatic Suction Screen Filter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery (Transactions of the CSAM), 2010, 41(7): 80–83. (in Chinese)
11. Demir V, Uz E. Damla sulama sistemlerinde kullanılan filtreler. [Filters used in the drip irrigation systems]. The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University, 1994, 31(2–3), 177–184.
12. Ravina I, Paz E, Sofer E, Sagi G, Yechiely Z, Lavi Z, et al. Filtration requirements for emitter clogging control. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Irrigation, Agritech, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 1990, pp. 223–229.
13. Shock C. Drip Irrigation: An Introduction. Sustainable Agriculture Techniques,2006:1–8
14. Vieira A S, Weeber M, Ghisi E. Self-cleaning filtration: A novel concept for rainwater harvesting systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2013,78(2013):67–73
15. Adin A, Elimelech M. Particle filtration for wastewater irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1989, 115(3):474–487.
16. Capra A, Scicolone B. Recycling of poor quality urban wastewater by drip irrigation systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007, 15(16):1529–1534.
17. Duran-Ros M, Puig-Bargue´s J, Arbat G, Barraga´n J, Ramı´rez de Cartagena F. Effect of filter, emitter and location on clogging when using effluents. Agricultural Water Management, 2009,96(1):67–79.
18. Duran-Ros M, Puig-Bargue´s J, Arbat G, Barraga´n J, Ramı´rez de Cartagena F. Performance and backwashing efficiency of disc and screen filters in microirrigation systems. Biosystems Engineering, 2009, 103(1):35–42.
19. Duran-Ros M, Arbat G, Barraga´n J, Ramı´rez de Cartagena F, Puig-Bargue´s J. Assessment of head loss equations developed with dimensional analysis for micro irrigation filters using effluents, Biosystems Engineering, 2010,106(1), 521–526
20. Puig-Bargue´s J, Barraga´n J, Ramı´rez de Cartagena F. Filtration of effluents for microirrigation systems. Transactions of the ASAE, 2005,48(3):969–978.
21. Puig-Bargue´s J, Barraga´n J, Ramı´rez de Cartagena F. Development of equations for calculating the head loss in effluent filtration in microirrigation systems using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 2005, 92(3):383–390.
22. Ravina I, Paz E, Sofer Z, Marmd A, Schischab A, Sagiet G, et al. Control of clogging in drip irrigation with stored treated municipal sewage effluent. Agricultural Water Management, 1997, 33(2–3):127–137.
23. Ribeiro T A P, Paterniani J E S, Airoldi R S P, Silva M J M. Comparison between disc and non-woven synthetic fabric filter media to prevent emitter clogging. Transactions of the ASABE, 2008, 51(2):441–453.
24. Tajrishy M A, Hills D J, Tchobanoglous G. Pretreatment of secondary effluent for drip irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1994, 120(4):716–731.
25. Yurdem H, Demir V, Degirmencioglu A. Development of a mathematical model to predict head losses from disc filters in drip irrigation systems using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 2008, 100(1):14–23.
26. Yurdem H, Demir V, Degirmencioglu A. Development of a mathematical model to predict tap water head losses in hydrocyclone filters in drip irrigation systems using dimensional analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 2010,105(4):495–506.
27. Liu F, Liu H F, Zong Q L, Gu C C. Experiment on Head Loss and Discharge Time of Self-cleaning Screen Filter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2013,44(5): 127–134. (in Chinese)
28. Li Q Q, Zong Q L, Liu Z J, Lan J. Experiment and calculation of discharge time for horizontal type self-cleaning screen filter. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2014,32(12): 1098–1104. (in Chinese)
29. Tang L F, Wang W Y, Zhang H Q. Filter. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press; 1984. (in Chinese)
30. Heertjes P M, Kujivenhoven L I, Van der Meer R R. Fluid flow pattern in upflow reactors for anaerobic treatment of beet sugar factory wastewater. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 1982, 24:443–459 doi: 10.1002/bit.260240214 18546313
31. Ding Q S , Wang W Y. New practical filtration technology. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2011. (in Chinese)
Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 12
- S diagnostikou Parkinsonovy nemoci může nově pomoci AI nástroj pro hodnocení mrkacího reflexu
- Je libo čepici místo mozkového implantátu?
- Pomůže v budoucnu s triáží na pohotovostech umělá inteligence?
- AI může chirurgům poskytnout cenná data i zpětnou vazbu v reálném čase
- Nová metoda odlišení nádorové tkáně může zpřesnit resekci glioblastomů
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Methylsulfonylmethane increases osteogenesis and regulates the mineralization of the matrix by transglutaminase 2 in SHED cells
- Oregano powder reduces Streptococcus and increases SCFA concentration in a mixed bacterial culture assay
- The characteristic of patulous eustachian tube patients diagnosed by the JOS diagnostic criteria
- Parametric CAD modeling for open source scientific hardware: Comparing OpenSCAD and FreeCAD Python scripts
Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova
Všechny kurzy