On simulating cold-stunned sea turtle strandings on Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Autoři:
Xiaojian Liu aff001; James Manning aff002; Robert Prescott aff003; Felicia Page aff004; Huimin Zou aff005; Mark Faherty aff003
Působiště autorů:
School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
aff001; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff002; Massachusetts Audubon’s Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Wellfleet, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff003; University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
aff004; Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204717
Souhrn
Kemp's ridley sea turtles were on the verge of extinction in the 1960s. While these sea turtles have slowly recovered, they are still critically endangered. In the last few years, the number of strandings on the beaches of Cape Cod, Massachusetts has increased by nearly an order of magnitude relative to preceding decades. This study uses a combination of ocean observations and a well-respected ocean model to investigate the causes and transport of cold-stunned sea turtles in Cape Cod Bay. After validating the model using satellite-tracked drifters and local temperature moorings, ocean currents were examined in Cape Cod Bay in an attempt to explain stranding locations as observed by volunteers and, for some years, backtracking was conducted to examine the potential source regions. The general finding of this study is that sub 10.5°C water temperatures in combination with persistently strong wind stress (>0.4 Pa), results in increased strandings along particular sections of the coast and are dependent on the wind direction. However, it is still uncertain where in the water column the majority of cold-stunned turtles reside and, if many of them are on the surface, considerable work will need to be done to incorporate the direct effects of wind and waves on the advective processes.
Klíčová slova:
Beaches – Ocean modeling – Ocean temperature – Ocean waves – Oceans – Sea water – Surface temperature – Turtles
Zdroje
1. Plotkin PT. National Marine Fisheries Service and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Status Reviews for Sea Turtles Listed under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland. 2009; 109–116.
2. National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and SEMARNAT. Bi-National Recovery Plan for the Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), Second Revision. 2011. National Marine Fisheries Service. Silver Spring, Maryland. 156 pp. + appendices.
3. Bevan E, Wibbels T, Najera BMZ, Sarti L, Martinez FI, Cuevas JM, Gallaway BJ, Pena LJ, Burchfield PM. Estimating the historic size and current status of the Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) population. Ecosphere. 2016; 7(3): e01244. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.124
4. Shaver DJ, Schroeder BA, Byles RA, Burchfield PM, Peña J, Márquez R, Martinez HJ. Movements and home ranges of adult male Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the Gulf of Mexico investigated by satellite telemetry. Chelonian Conserv Biol. 2005; 4: 817–827.
5. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) 5-year review: Summary and evaluation. Silver Spring, Maryland; 2015.
6. Shaver DJ, Caillouet CW. Reintroduction of Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas and its connection to head-starting. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2015; 10(Symposium): 378–435.
7. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. List of endangered foreign fish and wildlife. Federal Register. 1970; 35: 18319–18322.
8. Shaver DJ, Hart KM, Fujisaki I, Rubio C, Sartain-Iverson AR, Peña J, Gomez Gamez D, de Jesus Gonzales Diaz Miron R, Burchfield PM, Martinez HJ, Ortiz J. Migratory corridors of adult female Kemp’s ridley turtles in the Gulf of Mexico. Biological Conservation. 2016; 194: 158–167.
9. Caillouet Jr CW, Gallaway BJ, Putman NF. Kemp’s ridley sea turtle saga and setback: Novel analyses of cumulative hatchlings released and time-lagged annual nests in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Chelonian Conservation Biology. 2016; 15(1): 115–131.
10. McClellan CM, Read AJ, Cluse WM, Godfrey MH. Using telemetry to mitigate the bycatch of long-lived marine vertebrates. Ecological Applications. 2009; 19(6): 1660–1671. doi: 10.1890/08-1091.1 19769110
11. Putman NF, Mansfield KL. Direct evidence of swimming demonstrates active dispersal in the sea turtle “lost years.” Current Biology. 2015; 25: 1221–1227. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.014 25866396
12. Shaver DJ, Hart KM, Fujisaki I, Rubio C, Sartain AR, Pena J, Burchfield PM, Gomez Gamez D, Ortiz J. Foraging area fidelity for Kemp's ridleys in the Gulf of Mexico. Ecology and Evolution. 2013; 3(7): 2002–2012. doi: 10.1002/ece3.594 23919146
13. Shaver DJ, Rubio C. Post-nesting movement of wild and head-started Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the Gulf of Mexico. Endanger Species Res. 2008; 4: 43–55.
14. Shaver DJ, Hart KM, Fujisaki I, Bucklin D, Iverson AR, Rubio C, Backof TF, Burchfield PM, de Jesus Gonzales Diaz Miron R, Dutton PH, Frey A, Peña J, Gomez Gamez D, Martinez HJ, Ortiz J. Inter-nesting movements and habitat-use of adult female Kemp’s ridley turtles in the Gulf of Mexico. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0174248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174248 28319178
15. Coleman AT, Pitchford JL, Bailey H, Solangi M. Seasonal movements of immature Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst. 2017; 27: 253–267. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2656
16. Schmid JR, Witzell WN. Seasonal migration of immature Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii Garman) aslong the west coast of Florida. Gulf of Mexico Science. 2006; 24(1/2): 28–40.
17. Bleakney JS. Four records of the Atlantic ridley turtle, Lepidochelys kempi, from Nova Scotia. Copeia. 1955; 2: 137.
18. Burke VJ, Morreale SJ, Standora EA. Diet of the Kemp’s ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, in New York waters. NOAA NMFS Fishery Bulletin. 1994; 92: 26–32.
19. Hart KM, Mooreside P, Crowder LB. Interpreting the spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings: Going with the flow. Biol Conserv. 2006; 129: 283–290.
20. Santos BS, Kaplan DM, Friedrichs AM, Barco SG, Mansfield KL, Manning JP. Consequences of drift and carcass decomposition for estimating sea turtle mortality hotspots. Ecological Indicators. 2017; 84: 391–396.
21. Epperly PS, Braun J, Chester A, Cross F, Merriner J, Tester P, Churchill J. Beach strandings as an indicator of at-sea mortality of sea turtles. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1996; 59: 289–297.
22. Koch V, Peckham H, Mancini A, and Eguchi T. Estimating at-sea mortality of marine turtles from stranding frequencies and drifter experiments. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(2): e56776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056776 23483880
23. Keinath JA, Musick JA, Byles RA. Aspects of the biology of Virginia's sea turtles: 1979–1986. Virginia J. Sci. 1987; 38(4): 329–336.
24. Byles, RA. Behavior and ecology of sea turtles from Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Ph.D. dissertation. College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester, VA; 1988.
25. Blair EW, Ehrhart LM. Hypothermic stunning and mortality of marine turtles in the Indian River Lagoon System, Florida. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1989; 3:696–703.
26. Schwartz FJ. Behavioral and tolerance responses to cold water temperatures by three species of sea turtles (Reptilia, Chelonidae) in North Carolina. Fla Mar Res Publ. 1978; 33: 16–18.
27. Morreale SJ, Meylan AB, Sadove SS, Standora EA. Annual occurrence and winter mortality of marine turtles in New York waters. Journal of Herpetology. 1992; 26(3): 301–308. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1564885.
28. Burke VJ, Standora EA, Morreale SJ. Factors affecting strandings of cold-stunned juvenile Kemp's ridley and loggerhead sea turtles in Long Island, New York. Copeia, 1991; 4: 1136–1138.
29. Still BM, Griffin CR, Prescott R. Climatic and oceanographic factors affecting daily patterns of juvenile sea turtle cold-stunning in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Chelonian Conserv Biol. 2005; 4: 883–890.
30. Gorman J. A Surge of Stranded Turtles. The New York Times. 2014; URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/13/science/a-cape-cod-mystery-hundreds-of-sea-turtles-stranded-on-beaches.html.
31. Nero RW, Cook M, Coleman AT, Solangi M, Hardy R. Using an ocean model to predict likely drift tracks of sea turtle carcasses in the north central Gulf of Mexico. Endang Species Res. 2013; 21: 191–203. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00516
32. Chen C, Liu H, Beardsley RC. An unstructured, finite-volume, three-dimensional, primitive equation ocean model: application to coastal ocean and estuaries. J Atm & Oceanic Tech. 2003; 20: 159–186.
33. Chen C, Beardsley RC, Cowles G, Qi J, Lai Z, Gao G, et al. An Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model FVCOM User Manual. 2011; SMAST/UMASSD-11-1101.
34. Poulain P. Drifter observations of surface circulation in the Adriatic Sea between December 1994 and March 1996. Journal of Marine Systems. 1999; 20: 231–253.
35. Davis RE. Drifter observations of coastal surface currents during CODE: The method and descriptive view. J Geophys Res. 1985; 90(C3): 4741–4755, doi: 10.1029/JC090iC03p04741
36. Manning JP, McGillicuddy DJ, Pettigrew N, Churchill JH, Incze L. Drifter observations of Maine coastal current drift. Continental Shelf Res. 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2008.12.008 28966432
37. Lynch DR, Greenberg DA, Bilgili A, McGillicuddy DJ, Manning JP, Aretxabaleta AL. Particles in the Coastal Ocean Theory and Applications. North America: Cambridge University Press. 2015; 20–21.
38. Wallinga JP, Pettirew NR, Irish JD. The GoMOOS Moored Buoy Design. URL: http://gyre.umeoce.maine.edu/GoMoos/oceans2003.pdf.
39. Manning JP, Pelletier E. Environmental Monitors on Lobster Traps: longterm temperature observations from New England’s bottom waters. Jour. of Operational Oceanography. 2009; 2: 25–33.
40. Chen C, Beardsley RC, Hu S, Xu Q, Lin H. Using MM5 to Hindcast the Ocean Surface Forcing Fields over the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank Region. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2005; 22(2): p. 131
41. Breivik Ø, Bekkvik TC, Wettre C, Ommundsen A. BAKTRAK: backtracking drifting objects using an iterative algorithm with a forward trajectory model. Ocean Dyn. 2012; 62(2):239–252.
42. Breivik Ø, Allen AA, Maisondieu C, Roth JC. Wind-induced drift of objects at sea: the leeway field method. Appl Ocean Res. 2011; 33: 100–109.
43. Carniel S, Warner JC, Chiggiato J, Sclavo M. Investigating the impact of surface wave breaking on modeling the trajectories of drifters in the Northern Adriatic Sea during a wind-storm event. Ocean Modelling. 2009; 30: 225–239.
44. Röhrs J, Christensen KH, Hole LR, Broström G, Drivdal M, Sundby S. Observation-based evaluation of surface wave effects on currents and trajectory forecasts. Ocean Dynamics. 2012; 62: 1519–1533.
45. Beron-Vera FJ, Olascoaga MJ, Lumpkin R. Inertia-induced accumulation of flotsam in subtropical gyres. Geophys Res Lett. 2016; 43: 12228–12233.
46. Vose RS, and Coauthors. Monitoring and understanding changes in extremes: Extratropical storms, winds, and waves. Bull Amer Meteor Soc. 2014; 95: 377–386. }https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1.
47. Saunders MA, Lea AS. Large contribution of sea surface warming to recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity. Nature. 2008; 451(7178): 557. doi: 10.1038/nature06422 18235498
48. Griffin LP, Griffin CR, Finn JT, Prescott RL, Faherty M, Still BM, Danylchuk AJ. Warming seas increase cold-stunning events for Kemp’s ridley sea turtles in the northwest Atlantic. Plos One. 2019; 14(1): e0211503. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211503 30695074
Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 12
- S diagnostikou Parkinsonovy nemoci může nově pomoci AI nástroj pro hodnocení mrkacího reflexu
- Je libo čepici místo mozkového implantátu?
- Pomůže v budoucnu s triáží na pohotovostech umělá inteligence?
- AI může chirurgům poskytnout cenná data i zpětnou vazbu v reálném čase
- Nová metoda odlišení nádorové tkáně může zpřesnit resekci glioblastomů
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
- Methylsulfonylmethane increases osteogenesis and regulates the mineralization of the matrix by transglutaminase 2 in SHED cells
- Oregano powder reduces Streptococcus and increases SCFA concentration in a mixed bacterial culture assay
- The characteristic of patulous eustachian tube patients diagnosed by the JOS diagnostic criteria
- Parametric CAD modeling for open source scientific hardware: Comparing OpenSCAD and FreeCAD Python scripts
Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova
Všechny kurzy