The opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia utilizes a type IV secretion system for interbacterial killing

English version

Autoři: Ethel Bayer-Santos ^aff001; William Cenens ^aff001; Bruno Yasui Matsuyama ^aff001; Gabriel Umaji Oka ^aff001; Giancarlo Di Sessa ^aff001; Izabel Del Valle Mininel ^aff001; Tiago Lubiana Alves ^aff001; Chuck Shaker Farah ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ^aff001; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ^aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: The opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia utilizes a type IV secretion system for interbacterial killing. PLoS Pathog 15(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007651
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007651

Souhrn

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are a highly diversified but evolutionarily related family of macromolecule transporters that can secrete proteins and DNA into the extracellular medium or into target cells. It was recently shown that a subtype of T4SS harboured by the plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri transfers toxins into target cells. Here, we show that a similar T4SS from the multi-drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is proficient in killing competitor bacterial species. T4SS-dependent duelling between S. maltophilia and X. citri was observed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. A bioinformatic search of the S. maltophilia K279a genome for proteins containing a C-terminal domain conserved in X. citri T4SS effectors (XVIPCD) identified twelve putative effectors and their cognate immunity proteins. We selected a putative S. maltophilia effector with unknown function (Smlt3024) for further characterization and confirmed that it is indeed secreted in a T4SS-dependent manner. Expression of Smlt3024 in the periplasm of E. coli or its contact-dependent delivery via T4SS into E. coli by X. citri resulted in reduced growth rates, which could be counteracted by expression of its cognate inhibitor Smlt3025 in the target cell. Furthermore, expression of the VirD4 coupling protein of X. citri can restore the function of S. maltophilia ΔvirD4, demonstrating that effectors from one species can be recognized for transfer by T4SSs from another species. Interestingly, Smlt3024 is homologous to the N-terminal domain of large Ca²⁺-binding RTX proteins and the crystal structure of Smlt3025 revealed a topology similar to the iron-regulated protein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis which has been shown to interact with the RTX protein FrpC. This work expands our current knowledge about the function of bacteria-killing T4SSs and increases the panel of effectors known to be involved in T4SS-mediated interbacterial competition, which possibly contribute to the establishment of S. maltophilia in clinical and environmental settings.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Microbiology – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Bacterial pathogens – Stenotrophomonas maltophilia – Bacteriology – Bacterial physiology – Secretion systems – Microbial physiology – Physiology – Physiological processes – Tissue repair – Lysis (medicine) – Biochemistry – Proteins – Protein domains – Immune system proteins – Immunity – Cell biology – Cellular structures and organelles – Cell membranes – Membrane proteins – Outer membrane proteins – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Virulence factors – Immunology – Physical sciences – Physics – Condensed matter physics – Solid state physics – Crystallography – Crystal structure

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