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News Impact of Tofacitinib on the Quality of Life of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor used in the treatment of certain rheumatic diseases and ulcerative colitis (UC). The work presented at this year's 18th congress of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) in Copenhagen, Denmark, focused on its impact on the quality of life in terms of physical and mental functions in patients with UC.
News Impact of Thyroid Dysfunction on the Cardiovascular System in Elderly Patients
The incidence of thyroid disease increases with age. In the Czech Republic, up to 5% of the population suffers from hypothyroidism, and the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is estimated at 0.2-1%. The following text discusses the impact of these thyroid disorders on the cardiovascular (CV) system in elderly patients.
News Benefit of Oral Semaglutide for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the General Practitioner's Office
Oral semaglutide is a modern antidiabetic suitable within primary care for people with type 2 diabetes, primarily due to its comprehensive action that includes not only reducing blood glucose and body weight but also a number of other favorable non-glycemic effects.
News Simple antiemetic prophylaxis for breast cancer patients treated with AC chemotherapy
The combination of an anthracycline cytostatic agent with cyclophosphamide (AC) is among the highly effective chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer. Individually, these cytostatic agents carry a moderate risk of emetogenicity; however, when combined, they are considered to be at high risk of emesis. The recommended prophylaxis involves administering a 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist in combination with an NK1 neurokinin receptor antagonist and the corticosteroid dexamethasone.
News High-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Hard-to-Treat Patients with B-NHL
For hard-to-treat patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cyclophosphamide administered in one or two cycles can help bridge the period needed to obtain other effective treatments, as inferred from the work of French authors recently published in the European Journal of Haematology.
News Side Effects of Antipsychotics and Patient Preferences in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Although a number of antipsychotics are currently available, many patients still suffer from unpleasant side effects associated with the treatment of schizophrenia. To determine how individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders perceive antipsychotic treatment, a larger survey was conducted in the USA in 2016.
News Augmentation Therapy of Bronchiectasis Due to AATD – Case Report
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare cause of bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis. The role of augmentation therapy with alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in patients with AATD with bronchiectasis without pulmonary emphysema is still unclear. A case report from authors in Heidelberg presents a patient with bronchiectasis based on AATD, where augmentation therapy reduced the number of exacerbations and improved clinical condition.
News Brain Metastases Are Not an Absolute Contraindication for Antiplatelet Therapy
On one hand, there's a higher risk of thromboembolic events, and on the other, a higher risk of intracranial bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for blood clotting are necessary for cancer patients in indicated cases. But what about the risk of bleeding in patients with CNS malignancies?
News Register of Patients Treated with Growth Hormone (REPAR): Data Analysis as a Path to Further Optimization of Care
Treatment with recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) is available in the Czech Republic for all children meeting the indication criteria. A network of 10 centers covers the entire country, and all doctors authorized to prescribe growth hormone are united in the Pediatric Growth Hormone Working Group. The Czech national Register of Patients Treated with Growth Hormone (REPAR) has been collecting data on patients treated with rhGH since 2014. The aim of the presented work was to analyze selected data and present the basic demographics of patients included in this database during the first 5 years of its existence.
News What has clinical research on the effects of inosin pranobex revealed, and what does it mean for practice?
Inosin pranobex, as an antiviral drug that modulates cellular and humoral immunity, is used in the treatment of many viral infections. It is employed in diseases caused by herpetic viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, or in immunodeficient states, especially in cases of cellular immunity disorders. What insights has clinical research offered on this matter?
News The Significance of Administering Gliflozins in Real Practice in Diabetics Without CV and Renal Disease
Current care standards recommend the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, i.e., gliflozins) regardless of glycemic compensation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and kidney disease, heart failure, or high cardiovascular (CV) risk. A recent study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN) assessed whether long-term use of SGLT2i brings benefits compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i, i.e., gliptins) in diabetics without documented CV or renal disease using data from a large Israeli database.
News Newer Beta Blockers Offered for Use in Atherosclerosis Prevention
An article highlighting recent scientific findings on the beneficial effects of beta-blockers (BB) directly on the arterial wall and the potential benefit for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by adding BB to already established strategies for treating dyslipidemia and diabetes was published this year in the journal Current Atherosclerosis Reports.
News Different doses of LMWH in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 – interim experience
Many experts recommend administering heparin to patients with COVID-19 as part of anticoagulant prophylaxis, especially in severe forms of this infection. However, data on dosage, administration duration, and the effectiveness of this approach are limited. Therefore, authors from Bologna, Italy, investigated the relationship between various doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
News The main advantage of sartans is a very good safety profile. Now it is about increasing adherence in hypertensive patients
The rules for initiating hypertension treatment have been simplified. The trend is to achieve blood pressure control as early as possible, making it unnecessary to wait for a longer period for the effect of non-pharmacological measures. One of the 4 main classes of antihypertensives is AT1 receptor blockers for angiotensin II – sartans, which bring several advantages. These include a low incidence of side effects, a good antihypertensive effect, or the possibility of use in fixed combinations. We will take a closer look at the current position of sartans in the treatment of hypertension with Assoc. Prof. Ondřej Petrák, MD, PhD, from the Center for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hypertension at the 3rd Internal Clinic - Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, and General University Hospital in Prague.
News Gliflozins Successfully Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and heart failure is increasing worldwide, and the combination of both diseases significantly worsens the prognosis of patients. One of the main causes of increased mortality in these patients is macrovascular complications of DM2. The burden on the cardiovascular system is even greater with the concurrent occurrence of chronic heart failure.
News Regorafenib and Trifluridine/Tipiracil: Hospitalization and Clinical Outcomes in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil are drugs that prolong overall survival (OS) in pre-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The difference in the toxicity of these agents led to the hypothesis that treatment toxicity of individual drugs might increase the number of hospitalizations, thereby affecting patients' quality of life. The study presented below aimed to analyze the number of hospitalizations during treatment and their possible impact on OS.
News Does The Use of Levothyroxine in Women with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies Affect The Risk of Miscarriage and Premature Birth?
Women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a higher risk of miscarriage and premature birth, even if they have normal thyroid function. The British study presented below aimed to clarify whether the use of levothyroxine affects the incidence of these complications.
News Early Detection of Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
A retrospective study published last year identified predictors of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes. The authors recommend screening patients with elevated uric acid levels, diabetes duration ≥ 49 months, and diabetic retinopathy.
News Physiotherapy as Part of Comprehensive Care for People with Hemophilia – Recommendations vs. Reality
It appears that the physiotherapeutic care provided in reality to people with hemophilia does not align with current recommendations, which see it as an integral part of a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, in the summer of 2020, an initiative of experts from various countries, including the Czech Republic, was formed to address this issue.
News Current Recommendations of the American Society of Hematology for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease and Duration of Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Major Surgery
At the end of 2019, new recommendations were published by the American Society of Hematology (ASH) for the prevention of thromboembolic disease (VTE) in hospitalized patients. The new guidelines also addressed the duration of VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing major surgical procedures.
News Comparison of Three Thromboprophylactic Regimens in Patients Post Pancreatic Surgery
Post-pancreatectomy bleeding and thromboembolic disease are among the serious complications of pancreatic surgeries. The aim of the study published last year in the British Journal of Surgery was to compare the efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin in patients undergoing oncologic pancreatic surgery.
News Predictors and Rate of Anticoagulant Therapy Discontinuation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
With the worldwide increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), the use of anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs – direct oral anticoagulants) to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke (iCMP) is also rising. However, continuous use is essential. An Australian study analyzed available national data to investigate the rate of therapy discontinuation for individual anticoagulants and the predictors of persistence on treatment.
News COVID Pneumonia: How Can Erdosteine Help and What Did a Clinical Study Suggest?
When patients who have recovered from COVID pneumonia begin home treatment, they are often far from being symptom-free. General practitioners and outpatient pulmonologists often have to address these persistent symptoms. According to a study conducted by Recipharm, erdosteine may be a suitable adjunct treatment for these patients, even when they have negative COVID-19 tests. Why is this the case?
News Pharmacotherapy of Glaucoma in a Nutshell According to the Latest Recommendations of the European Glaucoma Society
The European Glaucoma Society published its latest, 5th version of recommendations for the treatment of glaucoma in 2021. The following text, based on these recommendations, focuses in a nutshell on the basic principles of pharmacotherapy for this disease according to current knowledge.