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News Current findings on the treatment of gestational diabetes and DM2 in pregnancy with metformin
Recent reviews have shown that metformin is a safe alternative to insulin in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy. For gestational diabetes (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), metformin administered to pregnant women has its benefits, but also certain risks.
News Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia – Meta-Analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials
The authors from several American institutions examined the efficacy and safety of two proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9i) inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, in their work. They conducted a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the administration of these two PCSK9i with standard treatment.
News Selecting from the Red Book CHS: What's New in This Year's Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of CLL?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults in Europe and North America. However, this field is experiencing very dynamic developments, both in terms of diagnosis and therapy. The biggest changes have occurred in treatment regimens, and recommendations for the therapy of relapsed or refractory CLL have also changed. Innovations have also emerged in prognostic examinations. As part of the update to the 'Red Book' by the Czech Hematological Society ČLS JEP (CHS), fresh recommendations concerning this disease were published in October 2023.
News Gene Therapy for Hemophilia A: What is the Expression of Factor VIII Using the Adeno-Associated Viral Vector SPK-8011?
The goal of gene therapy for hemophilia A is to safely transfer stable and durable expression of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), which predictably improves the bleeding phenotype at the lowest possible vector dose. Updated data from a study examining the use of the adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) SPK-8011 were presented during the virtual congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) 2021.
News Consolidation therapy with brentuximab vedotin after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma
At the 12th International Symposium on Hodgkin Lymphoma (ISHL), held in October 2022 in Cologne, results of a Czech study evaluating the efficacy and safety of consolidation therapy with brentuximab vedotin in patients after autologous stem cell transplantation were presented.
News Fibrinogen and Management of Peripartum Life-Threatening Hemorrhage
The most common cause of maternal death in the developed world continues to be peripartum life-threatening hemorrhage. It can result as a consequence of the consumption of coagulation factors, primarily fibrinogen. The analysis presented below summarizes information on the prevention of this complication and the use of fibrinogen concentrate therapy.
News Combined Hormonal Contraception in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea troubles many women of reproductive age and can deteriorate their quality of life, making it important for doctors to offer suitable therapy. We summarize the findings of research on the use of hormonal contraception containing drospirenone (DRSP) and ethinylestradiol (EE) in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
News The Choice of Incontinence Aids Matters − But How Not to Get Lost Among Them?
Despite significant advances in medicine, a large number of patients still struggle with incontinence, which limits their comfort and reduces their quality of life. If treatment options have been exhausted, these patients rely on the use of incontinence aids, and therefore every urologist and general practitioner should be familiar with the current offerings and their applications.
News Dabigatran as Effective Prevention of VTE Recurrence Also in Patients with Thrombophilia
With increasing positive experience with direct oral anticoagulants, the question arises of how these drugs work in different groups of patients − for example, in those who have a congenital or acquired thrombophilic state.
News Current Therapy Options for Interstitial Lung Diseases
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammatory or fibrotic changes in the lung parenchyma. Simply put, they can be divided into inflammatory and fibrotic, with inflammatory ILDs often progressing to a fibrotic stage. Interstitial lung diseases are also associated with high morbidity and early mortality. The following text briefly summarizes the current recommendations regarding the therapy for these diseases.
News CASE STUDY: Oral Semaglutide in a Young Diabetic = Weight Loss and CV Risk Reduction, Better Adherence and Treatment Comfort
Diabetologist MUDr. Tomáš Pfohl from the Regional Hospital Liberec illustrates the benefits of therapy with oral semaglutide in a relatively young diabetic patient with type 2 DM after unsatisfactory disease compensation was not achieved with a combination of gliptin and metformin.
News Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Their Assessment
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of up to 1%. It can manifest with both negative and positive symptoms. We briefly summarize the clinical assessment and rating scales of negative symptoms in the following text.
News Incidence of CV Events, Malignancies, and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with RA According to Baseline CV Risk and Administered Treatment
An international team of experts evaluated the impact of cardiovascular (CV) risk on the incidence and risk of major CV events, malignancies, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, depending on the level of CV risk at the initiation of this therapy. The authors used data from the ORAL Surveillance study.
News Teriflunomide "under the microscope" or what it's like to live with MS in the North
The Teri-LIFE study examined teriflunomide very comprehensively. How does it manage to affect the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to data from real clinical practice in the Nordic countries? What is adherence to this therapy like? And what are its health-economic consequences? We briefly summarize the answers to these questions.
News Bacterial Biofilm as a Complication of Respiratory Disease Treatment
One of the unique characteristics of certain microorganisms is their ability to form organized communities enveloped in extracellular polymeric matrix and firmly attached to a solid surface or interphase or forming aggregates, collectively referred to as biofilm. Clinically, the major issue is the formation of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic organisms' biofilm on tissues (such as respiratory tracts) or the surfaces of various medical devices (including catheters and implants), as it represents a dangerous complication leading to the development of chronic, recurrent, and scarcely treatable conditions.
News Metamizole in Pain Management for Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
A study by Czech authors from the University Hospital St. Anna in Brno, recently published in the British Journal of Neurosurgery, evaluated analgesic treatment in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The use of metamizole as the primary analgesic was associated with a significantly lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes at 2 weeks and 6 months compared to other non-opioid and opioid analgesics.
News Effectiveness of the Venetoclax/Rituximab Combination in the Treatment of CLL – 5-Year Follow-Up Data
At the virtual 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH), updated results of a clinical evaluation of the treatment of patients with refractory/relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL) using venetoclax in combination with rituximab were presented.
News Obeticholic Acid in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis with Inadequate Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Real Practice
An interim analysis of the OCARELIFE observational study presented at the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) congress in August 2020 attempted to evaluate whether the safety and efficacy of obeticholic acid treatment in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) under real-life conditions after 12 months correspond to the results of clinical trials.
News Von Willebrand Disease as a Cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding constitutes a large portion of complaints among women of reproductive age. This type of bleeding is typical for von Willebrand disease (vWD), but also for other types of coagulation disorders. So, is vWD more frequent in women with abnormal uterine bleeding than in the general population?
News Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Autonomic nervous system disorders are a common complication of transthyretin amyloidosis. Their frequency, nature, and impact on patients' quality of life were examined in the longitudinal THAOS study.
News Height as an Independent Risk Factor for Varicose Veins
Authors of a study published in the journal Circulation analyzing data from nearly half a million people found another risk factor for the development of varicose veins – a person's height. They further assessed the possible causal role in the development of this pathology.
News Effect of Itopride on Esophageal Motility and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Function
Itopride is a prokinetic used in the therapy of functional non-ulcerous upper dyspeptic difficulties. The mechanism of action involves inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and antagonism at dopamine D2 receptors. A clinical study by Belgian authors from the Catholic University of Leuven evaluated whether the effect of itopride is due to its influence on esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter function.
News Algorithm for Choosing Antidiabetics in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
As of June 1, 2020, general practitioners can prescribe antidiabetics from the group of so-called gliptins, inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4i), in addition to metformin. The cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment remains a comprehensive lifestyle modification (dietary measures, increased physical activity, weight reduction) and metformin as the first-line drug. In selected comorbidities or if these measures do not lead to the desired glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level after 3-6 months, the following recommendations can be followed. However, it is essential to remember that the recommendations of professional societies do not always correspond to the prescription limitations of the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL).