Meranie kardiovaskulárnych parametrov u novorodencov – význam a aktuálne poznatky

English version

Autoři: M. Kozár ^1,2 ; K. Javorka ¹; K. Maťašová ²; H. Kolarovszká ²; M. Zibolen ²
Působiště autorů: Dept. of Physiology, Jessenius Medical Faculty Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia Head prof. MUDr. A. Čalkovská, PhD. ¹; Clinic of Neonatology, Jessenius Medical Faculty and University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia Head prof. MUDr. M. Zibolen, CSc. ²
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes-slov Pediat 2016; 71 (4): 229-235.
Kategorie: Přehledový článek

Souhrn

Popôrodná adaptácia je zložitý proces, ovplyvňujúci predovšetkým kardiovaskulárny a respiračný systém bezprostredne po pôrode. Tento proces zahŕňa nástup spontánneho a pravidelného dýchania a tiež fyziologické a anatomické zmeny kardiovaskulárneho systému.

Technologický pokrok poskytuje nové možnosti efektívnejšieho a zároveň neinvazívneho monitorovania vitálnych funkcií. Frekvencia akcie srdca je najužitočnejším parametrom, ktorý odráža okamžitý priebeh popôrodnej adaptácie a spolu so saturáciou krvi kyslíkom patrí k štandardnému monitorovaniu procesu adaptácie. Nové technológie, ako variabilita frekvencie akcie srdca a infračervená spektroskopia, boli pomerne nedávno implementované do neonatologického klinického výskumu aj praxe.

Lepšie porozumenie fyziológii a patofyziológii mechanizmov popôrodnej adaptácie môže byť nápomocné v prispôsobení preventívnych a terapeutických postupov, a tým minimalizovaní ich nepriaznivých vplyvov, predovšetkým u extrémne nezrelých novorodencov. V predkladanom článku sú prezentované najnovšie údaje o monitorovaní hemodynamických a kardiovaskulárnych parametrov v priebehu včasného i neskoršieho popôrodného obdobia.

Key words:
popôrodná adaptácia, frekvencia akcie srdca, variabilita frekvencie akcie srdca, krvný tlak, saturácia krvi kyslíkom, tkanivováoxygenácia

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