Nový prístup ku skríningu zhubných nádorov pomocou detekčných testov použitím nematódy Caenorhabditis elegans

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Autoři: A. Kaiglová; S. Kucharíková
Působiště autorů: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia
Vyšlo v časopise: Klin Onkol 2024; 38(3): 184-188
Kategorie: Přehledy
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccko2024184

Souhrn

Východiská: Včasná diagnostika zhubných nádorov je nevyhnutná pre ich účinnú liečbu. V súčasnosti sú zavedené skríningové testy špecifické pre jednotlivé typy zhubných nádorov, čo si vyžaduje testovanie pre každý typ zhubného nádoru zvlášť. Hlavným cieľom výskumu zhubných nádorov je vyvinúť metódy, ktoré dokážu odhaliť viacero typov malígnych nádorov z jednej vzorky telesnej tekutiny. Testy na včasnú detekciu viacerých typov zhubných nádorov sú zamerané na odhalenie fragmentov cirkulujúcej nádorovej DNA, voľnej DNA, cirkulujúcej mikroRNA alebo proteínov uvoľnených nádorovými bunkami v telesných tekutinách pacienta. Avšak kvôli vysokým nákladom nie sú tieto testy na prevenciu zhubných nádorov v bežnej zdravotnej starostlivosti vhodné. Preto sa v posledných rokoch venuje pozornosť skríningovým testom na zhubné nádory, ktoré detegujú prchavé organické zlúčeniny v moči onkologických pacientov. Na takéto testy sa často využívajú živé organizmy, napr. hlístovce Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans, ktorý meria iba 1 mm, má potenciál ponúknuť novú, účinnú, nákladovo efektívnu, rýchlu a bezbolestnú metódu na zisťovanie prítomnosti malígnych nádorov. Cieľ: Cieľom tohto článku je predložiť prehľad literatúry o vývoji a overovaní metód detekcie malígnych nádorov pomocou nematód C. elegans. Potenciálne benefity týchto testov sú významné, pretože by sa mohli stať cenným nástrojom pre skorú identifikáciu a diagnostiku zhubných nádorov, aj keď tento výskum je stále v počiatočných štádiách vývoja.

Klíčová slova:

Caenorhabditis elegans – zhubné nádory – metódy detekcie – diagnostika zhubných nádorov

Zdroje

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