Agricultural and geographic factors shaped the North American 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak
Autoři:
Joseph T. Hicks aff001; Dong-Hun Lee aff002; Venkata R. Duvuuri aff001; Mia Kim Torchetti aff003; David E. Swayne aff004; Justin Bahl aff001
Působiště autorů:
Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Ecology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
aff001; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
aff002; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
aff003; Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
aff004; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
Agricultural and geographic factors shaped the North American 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak. PLoS Pathog 16(1): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007857
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007857
Souhrn
The 2014–2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5NX outbreak represents the largest and most expensive HPAI outbreak in the United States to date. Despite extensive traditional and molecular epidemiological studies, factors associated with the spread of HPAI among midwestern poultry premises remain unclear. To better understand the dynamics of this outbreak, 182 full genome HPAI H5N2 sequences isolated from commercial layer chicken and turkey production premises were analyzed using evolutionary models able to accommodate epidemiological and geographic information. Epidemiological compartmental models embedded in a phylogenetic framework provided evidence that poultry type acted as a barrier to the transmission of virus among midwestern poultry farms. Furthermore, after initial introduction, the propagation of HPAI cases was self-sustainable within the commercial poultry industries. Discrete trait diffusion models indicated that within state viral transitions occurred more frequently than inter-state transitions. Distance and sample size were very strongly supported as associated with viral transition between county groups (Bayes Factor > 30.0). Together these findings indicate that the different types of midwestern poultry industries were not a single homogenous population, but rather, the outbreak was shaped by poultry industries and geographic factors.
Klíčová slova:
Birds – Farms – Chicken models – Chickens – Livestock – Poultry – Turkeys – Viral evolution
Zdroje
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