Host nutritional status affects alphavirus virulence, transmission, and evolution

English version

Autoři: James Weger-Lucarelli ^aff001; Lucia Carrau ^aff001; Laura I. Levi ^aff001; Veronica Rezelj ^aff001; Thomas Vallet ^aff001; Hervé Blanc ^aff001; Jérémy Boussier ^aff004; Daniela Megrian ^aff005; Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott ^aff002; Tanya LeRoith ^aff002; Marco Vignuzzi ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France ^aff001; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America ^aff002; Ecole doctorale BioSPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ^aff003; Institut Pasteur, Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France ^aff004; Institut Pasteur, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Department of Microbiology, Paris, France ^aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: Host nutritional status affects alphavirus virulence, transmission, and evolution. PLoS Pathog 15(11): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008089
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008089

Souhrn

Malnourishment, specifically overweight/obesity and undernourishment, affects more than 2.5 billion people worldwide, with the number affected ever-increasing. Concurrently, emerging viral diseases, particularly those that are mosquito-borne, have spread dramatically in the past several decades, culminating in outbreaks of several viruses worldwide. Both forms of malnourishment are known to lead to an aberrant immune response, which can worsen disease outcomes and reduce vaccination efficacy for viral pathogens such as influenza and measles. Given the increasing rates of malnutrition and spread of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), there is an urgent need to understand the role of host nutrition on the infection, virulence, and transmission of these viruses. To address this gap in knowledge, we infected lean, obese, and undernourished mice with arthritogenic arboviruses from the genus Alphavirus and assessed morbidity, virus replication, transmission, and evolution. Obesity and undernourishment did not consistently influence virus replication in the blood of infected animals except for reductions in virus in obese mice late in infection. However, morbidity was increased in obese mice under all conditions. Using Mayaro virus (MAYV) as a model arthritogenic alphavirus, we determined that both obese and undernourished mice transmit virus less efficiently to mosquitoes than control (lean) mice. In addition, viral genetic diversity and replicative fitness were reduced in virus isolated from obese compared to lean controls. Taken together, nutrition appears to alter the course of alphavirus infection and should be considered as a critical environmental factor during outbreaks.

Klíčová slova:

Diet – Chikungunya infection – Malnutrition – Mice – Mosquitoes – Obesity – Viral replication – Mayaro virus

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