Prediktívne biomarkery v imunoterapii triple-negatívneho karcinómu prsníka – súčasné poznatky a perspektívy

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Autoři: V. Tancoš; A. Blichárová
Působiště autorů: Ústav patológie UPJŠ LF a UNLP, Košice, Slovenská republika
Vyšlo v časopise: Klin Onkol 2023; 36(1): 28-34
Kategorie: Přehled
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccko202328

Souhrn

Východiská: Imunoterapia s využitím inhibítorov imunitných kontrolných bodov (immune checkpoint inhibitors – ICIs) ohlásila novú éru v liečbe pokročilého triple-negatívneho karcinómu prsníka (TNBC). Avšak v značnej časti pacientov s TNBC je klinický dopad liečby ICIs nepredvídateľný a vhodné biomarkery identifikujúce nádory citlivé na imunoterapiu sú veľmi potrebné. V súčasnosti klinicky najviac relevantné prediktívne biomarkery účinnosti ICIs predstavuje imunohistochemická analýza expresie ligandu 1 programovanej bunkovej smrti (PD-L1), hodnotenie tumor infiltrujúcich lymfocytov (TIL) v nádorovom mikroprostredí (tumor microenvironment – TME) a vyšetrenie nádorovej mutačnej nálože (tumor mutational burden – TMB). Nové biomarkery súvisiace s aktiváciou signálnej dráhy transformačného rastového faktora beta, s receptorom 1 domény diskoidínu a s trombospondínom 1, ako aj mnohé ďalšie celulárne a molekulárne faktory prítomné v TME, predstavujú potenciálne prediktory účinnosti ICIs využiteľné v budúcnosti. Cieľ: V predkladanom prehľadovom článku sumarizujeme súčasné poznatky o regulácii PD-L1 a o prediktívnej hodnote TIL a s nimi súvisiacimi celulárnymi a molekulárnymi komponentmi prítomnými v systéme TME v TNBC. Tiež sa venujeme TMB a novým biomarkerom s potenciálnou úlohou v predikcii účinnosti ICI a pokúsime sa načrtnúť nové terapeutické stratégie.

Klíčová slova:

tumor infiltrujúce lymfocyty – imunoterapia – ligand 1 programovanej bunkovej smrti – triple-negatívny karcinóm prsníka – nádorová mutačná nálož

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