Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

Česká verze

Authors: J. Král ^1,2; J. Slyšková ²; P. Vodička ²; J. Špičák ¹
Authors place of work: Klinika hepatogastroenterologie, Transplantcentrum, IKEM, Praha ¹; Oddělení molekulární biologie nádorů, Ústav experimentální medicíny, AV ČR, v. v. i., Praha ²
Published in the journal: Klin Onkol 2016; 29(6): 419-427
Category: Přehled
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amko2016419

Summary

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden with an incidence of 1.3 million new cases worldwide and a mortality of almost 8.5%. It is the 2^nd most common cancer in women (1^st breast carcinoma) and 3^rd most common in men (1^st lung carcinoma, 2^ndprostate carcinoma). CRC alongside breast, lung, prostate and stomach cancer is in the top five most common cancers in men and women worldwide. There are still more than 50% of CRC patients diagnosed with advanced disease (stage III and IV) in the Czech Republic. Genetically, CRC is a very heterogeneous disease with many factors playing key roles in pathogenesis. There are two types of CRC, hereditary with an incidence of between 5% and 10% with APC (FAP, aFAP) or MMR (HNPCC) genes affected, and sporadic colorectal cancer with an incidence of 90–95% with a lot of mutations in variable genes that accumulate during pathogenesis (APC, KRAS, MMR, microRNA, CIMP etc.). Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of CRC (hereditary, sporadic) is crucial for treatment, assessment of risk, prognosis, and patient follow-up.

Conclusion:
This article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary CRC.

Keywords:
colorectal cancer – pathogenesis – hereditary – sporadic – risk factors

This work was supported by grant of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. 15-08239S.

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.

Submitted:
3. 5. 2016

Accepted:
2. 6. 2016

Zdroje

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