Listeriosis – an analysis of human cases in the Czech Republic in 2008–2018

Česká verze

Authors: M. Špačková ¹ ; M. Gašpárek ²; F. Stejskal ^3,4,5
Authors place of work: Oddělení epidemiologie infekčních nemocí, Centrum epidemiologie a mikrobiologie, Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha ¹; Národní referenční centrum pro analýzu epidemiologických dat, Oddělení biostatistiky, Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha ²; Klinika infekčních nemocí, 2. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Nemocnice Na Bulovce, Praha ³; Infekční oddělení Krajské nemocnice Liberec ⁴; Ústav imunologie a mikrobiologie, 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice, Praha ⁵
Published in the journal: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 70, 2021, č. 1, s. 42-51
Category: Původní práce

Summary

Aim: The aim of our work was to summarize the most important knowledge about listeriosis in humans and to analyse available epidemiological data on this disease in the Czech Republic in 2008–2018.

Methods: We conducted a literature search and descriptive epidemiological analysis of all human Listeria cases reported to the national surveillance system of infectious diseases (EpiDat until 2017, ISIN for 2018) in the Czech Republic in 2008–2018. For data management and analysis, MS Excel 2010 was used. The incidence maps were created using the ECDC Map Maker tool (EMMa).

Results: In total, 380 cases of human listeriosis (mean annual incidence of 0.33/100 000 inhabitants) were reported in the Czech Republic in 2008–2018. The highest age specific incidence was detected in 0-year-olds (1.85/100 000) and then in persons over 60 years (mean incidence of 0.95/100 000). Altogether 222 cases were detected in men (mean incidence of 0.39/100 000) and 158 in women (mean incidence of 0.27/100 000). Geographically, the highest mean annual incidence was reported in the Moravian-Silesian Region (0.6/100 000) and Pilsen Region (0.57/100 000). As many as 96.3% of the reported cases required hospital admission. Of 81 deaths related to listeriosis, 50 were directly caused by listeriosis. The highest monthly incidence was observed in June through October and then in January. The incidence of listeriosis in the CZ shows an oscillating trend over the last 11 years. Neither epidemics nor imported cases were reported to the national surveillance system during the study period.

Conclusions: Listeriosis cases have been on the rise in the European Union (EU) over the last years, while in the CZ, an oscillating and slightly increasing trend has been observed. Generally, cases are reported mostly in the population aged over 64 years (and especially after the age of 84). As there is no vaccine available yet against this disease, the only option is the prevention, i.e., health education of consumers in general and of the risk groups in particular, and compliance with food safety and hygiene standards in food production and handling.

Keywords:

listeriosis – Listeria monocytogenes – Epidemiology – Czech Republic – foodborne and waterborne diseases

Zdroje

1. Chlebicz A, Śliżewska K. Campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis as zoonotic foodborne diseases: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018;15(5):863.

2. Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett‘s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases: 2–Volume Set. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2014. p. 2383–2390.

3. Swaminathan B, Gerner-Smidt P. The epidemiology of human listeriosis. Microbes Infect, 2007;9(10):1236–1243.

4. Murray EGD, Webb RA, Swann MBR. A disease of rabbits characterised by a large mononuclear leucocytosis, caused by a hitherto undescribed bacillus Bacterium monocytogenes (n. sp.). J Pathol Bacteriol, 1926;29(4):407–439.

5. Pirie JH. A new disease of veld rodents ‘tiger river disease’. Publ. S. Afr. Inst. Med. Res, 1927;3(13):163–187.

6. Pirie JHH. Listeria: Change of Name for a Genus Bacteria. Nature, 1940;145(3668):264–264.

7. Nyfeld A. Etiologie de la mononucleose infectieuse. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 1929(101): 590–592.

8. Hird DW. Review of evidence for zoonotic listeriosis. J Food Prot, 1987;50(5):429–433.

9. Reiss H, Potel J, Krebs A. Granulomatosis infantiseptica, eine durch einen spezifischen Erreger hervorgerufene fetale Sepsis. J Mol Med, 1951;29(1):29.

10. Schlech III WF, Lavigne PM, Bortolussi RA, et al. Epidemic listeriosis – evidence for transmission by food. N Engl J Med, 1983;308(4):203–206.

11. Leibniz Institute DSMZ. LPSN – List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. 2020 [cit. 12.6.2020]. Dostupný na www: https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species?page=L.

12. Guillet C, Join-Lambert O, Le Monnier A, et al. Human listeriosis caused by Listeria ivanovii. Emerg Infect Dis, 2010;16(1):136.

13. Salimnia H, Patel D, Lephart P, et al. Listeria grayi: vancomycin-resistant, gram‐positive rod causing bacteremia in a stem cell transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis, 2010;12(6):526–528.

14. Allerberger F. Listeria. In: Foodborne diseases. Springer; 2007:27–39.

15. Pietzka A, Allerberger F, Murer A, et al. Whole genome sequencing based surveillance of L. monocytogenes in food for early detection and investigations of listeriosis outbreaks. Front Public Health, 2019;7:139.

16. Maury MM, Chenal-Francisque V, Bracq-Dieye H, et al. Spontaneous loss of virulence in natural populations of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun, 2017;85(11).

17. McClure P, Roberts T, Oguru PO. Comparison of the effects of sodium chloride, pH and temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on gradient plates and in liquid medium. Lett Appl Microbiol, 1989;9(3):95–99.

18. Vázquez-Boland JA, Kuhn M, Berche P, et al. Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2001;14(3):584–640.

19. Thévenot D, Delignette-Muller M-L, Christieans S, et al. Serological and molecular ecology of Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected from 13 French pork meat salting–curing plants and their products. Int J Food Microbiol, 2006;112(2):153–161.

20. López V, Villatoro D, Ortiz S, et al. Molecular tracking of Listeria monocytogenes in an Iberian pig abattoir and processing plant. Meat Sci, 2008;78(1-2):130–134.

21. Borucki MK, Peppin JD, White D, et al. Variation in biofilm formation among strains of Listeria monocytogenes. J Appl Environ Microbiol, 2003;69(12):7336–7342.

22. Ivanek R, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Listeria monocytogenes in multiple habitats and host populations: review of available data for mathematical modeling. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2006;3(4):319–336.

23. Bortolussi R. Listeriosis: a primer. Can Med Assoc J, 2008;179(8):795–797.

24. European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention Control. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2016. EFSA J, 2017;15(12):5077.

25. Allerberger F, Wagner M. Listeriosis: a resurgent foodborne infection. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2010;16(1):16–23.

26. Millet L, Saubusse M, Didienne R, et al. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in raw-milk cheeses. Int J Food Microbiol, 2006;108(1):105–114.

27. Valdramidis V, Geeraerd A, Gaze J, et al. Quantitative description of Listeria monocytogenes inactivation kinetics with temperature and water activity as the influencing factors; model prediction and methodological validation on dynamic data. J Food Eng, 2006;76(1):79–88.

28. Havelaar AH, Kirk MD, Torgerson PR, et al. World Health Organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010. PLoS Med, 2015;12(12):e1001923.

29. De Noordhout CM, Devleesschauwer B, Angulo FJ, et al. The global burden of listeriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis, 2014;14(11):1073–1082.

30. Bednář M, Fraňková V, Schindler J, et al. Lékařská mikrobiologie. Praha: Marvil, 1996;2.

31. Zenewicz LA, Shen H. Innate and adaptive immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes: a short overview. Microbes Infect, 2007;9(10):1208–1215.

32. Grif K, Patscheider G, Dierich M, et al. Incidence of fecal carriage of Listeria monocytogenes in three healthy volunteers: a one-year prospective stool survey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2003;22(1):16–20.

33. Janakiraman V. Listeriosis in pregnancy: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol, 2008;1(4):179.

34. Lennon D, Lewis B, Mantell C, et al. Epidemic perinatal listeriosis. Pediatr Infect Dis, 1984;3(1):30–34.

35. Jones EM, McCulloch SY, Reeves DS, et al. A 10 year survey of the epidemiology and clinical aspects of listeriosis in a provincial English city. J Inf, 1994;29(1):91–103.

36. Büla CJ, Bille J, Glauser MP. An epidemic of food-borne listeriosis in western Switzerland: description of 57 cases involving adults. Clin Infect Dis, 1995;20(1):66–72.

37. Rocourt J. Risk factors for listeriosis. Food Control, 1996;7(4-5):195–202.

38. Kayaaslan BÜ, Akıncı E, Bilen Ş, et al. Listerial rhombencephalitis in an immunocompetent young adult. Int J Infect Dis, 2009;13(2):e65–e67.

39. Armstrong RW, Fung PC. Brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis) due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis, 1993;16(5):689–702.

40. Godshall CE, Suh G, Lorber B. Cutaneous listeriosis. J Clin Microbiol, 2013;51(11):3591–3596.

41. Jágrová Z, Karpíšková R, Marešová M, et al. Nozokomiální přenos listeriózy. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol, 2014;63(2):113–115.

42. European Centre for Disease Prevention Control. Annual epidemiological report on communicable diseases in Europe 2010. ECDC; 2010.

43. Kosina MP, Krausová MJ, Kračmarová MR. Listeriové meningitidy. Interní medicína pro praxi, 2007:19–20.

44. Southwick FS, Purich DL. Intracellular pathogenesis of listeriosis. N Engl J Med, 1996;334(12):770–776.

45. Redline RW, Lu CY. Role of local immunosuppression in murine fetoplacental listeriosis. J Clin Invest, 1987;79(4):1234–1241.

46. Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hohmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine, 2002;81(4):260–269.

47. Al-Tawfiq JA. Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a twin pregnancy with differential outcome: fetus papyraceus and a full-term delivery. J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2008;41(5):433–436.

48. Lallemand AV, Gaillard DA, Paradis PH, et al. Fetal listeriosis during the second trimester of gestation. Pediatr Pathol, 1992;12(5):665–671.

49. Bakardjiev AI, Theriot JA, Portnoy DA. Listeria monocytogenes traffics from maternal organs to the placenta and back. PLoS pathogens, 2006;2(6):e66.

50. Smith B, Kemp M, Ethelberg S, et al. Listeria monocytogenes: maternal-foetal infections in Denmark 1994–2005. Scand J Infect Dis, 2009;41(1):21–25.

51. Schuchat A, Deaver KA, Wenger JD, et al. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis: I. Case-control study of dietary risk factors. JAMA, 1992;267(15):2041–2045.

52. Kasper S, Huhulescu S, Auer B, et al. Epidemiology of listeriosis in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 2009;121(3-4):113.

53. Hof H. Therapeutic options. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2003;35(3):203–205.

54. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC Map Maker tool (EMMa). 2019.

55. European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention Control. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2017. EFSA J, 2018;16(12):e05500.

56. Todd E, Notermans S. Surveillance of listeriosis and its causative pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control, 2011;22(9):1484–1490.

57. Gelbíčová T, Zobanikova M, Tomáštíková Z, et al. An outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey meat products in the Czech Republic, 2012–2016. Epidemiol Infect, 2018;146(11):1407–1412.

58. Fretz R, Pichler J, Sagel U, et al. Update: Multinational listeriosis outbreak due to ‘Quargel’, a sour milk curd cheese, caused by two different L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains, 2009–2010. Euro Surveill, 2010;15(16):19543.