Avidita vybraných autoprotilátek – přínos jejich stanovení pro klinické účely

English version

Autoři: L. Fialová
Působiště autorů: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
Vyšlo v časopise: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 65, 2016, č. 3, s. 155-163
Kategorie: Souhrnné sdělení

Souhrn

Protilátky namířené proti různým autoantigenům představují heterogenní skupinu imunoglobulinů, které se liší kvalitativními i kvantitativními vlastnostmi. Důležitou kvalitativní charakteristikou protilátek je jejich afinita/avidita, která se mění v procesu jejího vyzrávání během imunitní odpovědi.

Cílem studie bylo shrnutí znalostí o aviditě vybraných autoprotilátek u určitých autoimunitních onemocnění. Avidita různých autoprotilátek se liší za různých klinických situací. V biologických tekutinách pacientů s autoimunitními onemocnění se vyskytují protilátky s nízkou, střední i s vysokou hodnotou avidity.

U autoimunitních chorob nemusí být proces vyzrávání avidity spojen s progresí od nízkých k vyšším hodnotám tak, jak je to typické pro protilátky proti exogenním antigenům. Avidita každé autoprotilátky by proto měla být posuzována individuálně. Některé studie naznačují možný přínos stanovení avidity pro upřesnění diagnózy a prognózy vybraných autoimunitních onemocnění.

Klíčová slova:
afinita – protilátky proti citrulinu – protilátky proti glomerulární bazální membráně – protilátky proti glutamátdekarboxyláze – protilátky proti inzulinu – autoprotilátky – avidita – onkoneuronální protilátky

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