Vybrané přírodní fenolické látky jako potenciální léčba periferní neuropatie?

English version

Autoři: Karel Šmejkal
Působiště autorů: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. slov. Farm., 2014; 63, 55-70
Kategorie: Přehledy a odborná sdělení

Souhrn

Neuropatická bolest je bolestivý syndrom způsobený lézí nebo dysfunkcí nervového systému nebo následkem lézí nebo chorob somato-senzorického systému. Neuropatická bolest je často spojována s nežádoucími účinky chemoterapie rakovinného onemocnění, s infiltrací rakovinných buněk do nervové tkáně, s neurodegenerací a s diabetes mellitus. Disbalance v produkci různých cytokinů hraje výraznou úlohu v patogenezi mnoha onemocnění spojovaných s neuropatiemi. Mezi takové cytokiny patří zejména interleukiny IL-1β, IL-15 a IL-6, tumor nekrotizující faktory nebo prostaglandiny. Produkce cytokinů je biochemicky podřízená jaderným faktorům ovlivňujícím expresi mRNA pro jednotlivé cytokiny nebo enzymy cytokiny metabolizující. Hlavním jaderným faktorem regulujícím expresi cytokinů je NF-κB. Vzhledem k nedostatečné efektivitě farmakologické léčby periferní neuropatie, nebo jejím nežádoucím účinkům, mnoho pacientů vyhledává podpůrnou a doplňkovou terapii. Přírodní sloučeniny modulující produkci zánětlivých cytokinů proto mohou redukovat symptomy neuropatií. Mezi látky ovlivňující aktivitu NF-κB a jím regulovaných cytokinů patří celá řada přírodních fenolů. Toto mini-review má za cíl zpracovat informace o třech přírodních fenolech potenciálně aplikovatelných v terapii neuropatií: kurkuminu, resveratrolu a mangiferinu a upozornit na jejich praktickou využitelnost. Kurkumin a mangiferin jsou obsahové látky považované za aktivní konstituenty rostlin používaných tradiční medicínou již po staletí. Biologické účinky resveratrolu jsou známé relativně krátkou dobu, pozornost je na resveratrol upřena zejména od doby popsání tzv. francouzského paradoxu. Do přehledu jsou zařazeny zejména údaje týkající se ovlivnění aktivity NF-κB, exprese prozánětlivých cytokinů a také antiradikálové aktivity, protože nerovnováha v tvorbě a degradaci volných radikálů hraje významnou roli v aktivaci NF-κB a v průběhu zánětlivých procesů. Stručně shrnuty jsou také základní informace o biodostupnosti, metabolismu, a praktické aplikaci těchto látek.

Klíčová slova:
fenoly • kurkumin • mangiferin • NF-κB • periferní neuropatie • resveratrol

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