Passive smoking and otitis media
Authors:
I. Samara 1; J. Plch 2; D. Hrubá 1
Authors‘ workplace:
Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzity, Brno, Ústav preventivního lékařství, Přednostka: prof. MUDr. Zuzana Derflerová Brázdová, DrSc.
1; Nemocnice Břeclav, ORL oddělení, Primář: MUDr. Michal Zavadil
2
Published in:
Prakt. Lék. 2011; 91(2): 68-72
Category:
Reviews
Overview
Children!s exposure to passive smoking significantly enhances their morbidity, including otitis media. The relationships were well documented not only by many epidemiologic studies, but also by the understanding of mechanisms of the environmental tobacco smoke action. Newborns, infants, and pre-school children are the most vulnerable population to the effects of dangerous chemicals in cigarette smoke.
Both acute and chronic forms of otitis media may initiate the hearing damages and may be complicated by meningitis. Attacks of otitis media are a load on a developmental process, accompanying pain and urgent hospitalisation are the psychical stress for the child.
Bans of smoking on public places are not effective for the protection of children, as they are mostly exposed at their homes. In some countries, the programmes „Smoke-Free Homes“ and „Smoke-free cars“ successfully motivate smokers to do not smoke when children are present, and/or to stop smoke. This strategy needs the effective support by physicians, namely of those who take care about children. The warning about hazards of children´s exposure to second-hand smoke should be the routine part of their consulting.
Key words:
otitis media, passive smoking, practical recommendations.
Sources
1. Adair-Bischoff, C.E., Sauve, R.S. Environmental tobacco smoke and middle ear disease in preschool-age children. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 1998, 152, p. 127-133.
2. Albersen, M., Bulatovic, M., Lindner, S.H. et al. Is a positive family history predictive for recurrent acute otitis media in children? An evidence- based case report. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2010, 142, p. 31-35.
3. Aligne, A.C., Stoddard, J.J. Tobacco and children. An economic evaluation of the medical effects of parental smoking. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 1997, 151, p. 648-653.
4. Badaitkar, J., Demuth, D.R., Scott, D.A. Tobacco use and susceptibility to bacterial infection. Tob Induc Dis, 2008, 4, p. 12. Doi: 10.1186/1617-9625-4-12. Dostupné též na: http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.com/content/4/1/12.
5. Barnes, D.E., Hanauer, P., Slade, J., Bero, L.A., Glantz, S.A. Environmental tobacco smoke: The Brown and Williamson Documents. JAMA 1995, 274, p. 248-253.
6. Blakley, B.W., Blakley, J.E. Smoking and middle ear disease: Are they related? A review article. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg, 1995, 112, p. 441-446.
7. Britton, J. Passive smoking damages children’s health. Practicioner 2010, 254, p. 27-30.
8. Brook, I., Gobber, A.E. Recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. Chest 2005a, 127, p. 2072-2075.
9. Brook, I., Gobber, A.E. Recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of otitis media – prone children and their smoking and nonsmoking parents. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2005b, 131, p. 509-512.
10. Brook, I., Gobber, A.E. Effect og smoking cessation on the microbial flora. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2007, 133, p. 135-138.
11. Colley, J.R., Holland, W.W., Corkhill, R.T. Influence of passive smoking and parental phlegm on pneumonia and bronchitis in early childhood. Lancet 1974, 2, p. 1031-1034.
12. Cook, D.G., Strachan, D.P. Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. Thorax 1999, 54, p. 357-366.
13. Daigler, G.E., Markello, S.J., Cummings, K.M. The effect of indoor air pollutants on otitis media and asthma in children. Laryngoscope 1991, 101, p. 293-296.
14. Dally, K.A., Selvius, R.E., Lindgren, B. Knowlegde and attitudes about otitis media risk: Implications for prevention. Pediatrics 1997, 100, p. 931-936
15. Dachille, K.H., Callaham, K. Secondhand smoke and the family courts: the role of smoke exposure in custod and visitation decisions. Tob. Control Legal Consortium 2005. Dostupné na www: www.law.capital.edu/Tobacco/documents/TCLC_child_custody.pdf.
16. Delpisheh, A., Kelly, Y., Brabin, B.J. Passive cigarette smoke exposure in primary school children in Liverpool. Public Health 2006, 120, p. 65-69.
17. Drannik, A.G., Pouladi, M.A., Robbins, C.S., et al. Impact of cigarette smoke on clearance and inflammation after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004, 170, p. 1164-1171.
18. Engel, J., Anteunis, L., Volovics, A. et al. Risk factors of otitis media with effusion during infancy. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 1999, 48, p. 239-249.
19. Etzel, R.A., Pattishall, E.N., Haley, N.J. et al. Passive smoking and middle ear effusion among children in day care. Pediatrics 1992, 90, p. 228-232.
20. Etzel, R.A. Indoor and outdoor air pollution: Tobacco smoke, moulds and diseases in infants and children. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007; 210(5): 611-616. Dostupné na doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.016
21. Ferris, B.G., Ware, J.H., Berkey, C.S. et al. Effects od passive smoking on health of children. Environ. Health Perspect. 1985, 62, p. 289-295.
22. DiFranza, J.R., Aligne, C., Weitzman, M. Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children’s health. Pediatrics 2004, 113, p. 1007-1015.
23. Gensch, E., Gallup, M., Sucher, A. et al. Tobacco smoke control of mucin production in lung cells requires oxygen radicals AP-1 and JNK. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, p. 39085-39093.
24. Golz, A., Netzer, A., Goldenberg, D. et al. The association between iron-deficiency anemia and recurrent acute otitis media. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 2001, 22, p. 391-394.
25. Gultekin, E., Develioglu, O.N., Yener, M. et al. Prevalence and risk factors for persistent otitis media with effusion in primary school children in Istambul, Turkey. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010, 37, p. 145-149.
26. Haberg, S.E., Bentdal, Y.E., London, S.J. et al. Prenatal and postnatal parental smoking and acute otitis media in early childhood. Acta Paediatr, 2010; 99(1): 99-105.
27. Hammaren-Malmi, S., Saxen, H., Tarkkanen, J., Mattila, P.S. Passive smoking after tympanostomy and risk of reccurent acute otitis media. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol 2007, 71, p. 1305-1310.
28. He, Z., O´Reilly, R.C., Mehta, D. Gastric pepsion in middle ear fluid of children with otitis media: clinical implication. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2008, 8, p. 513-518.
29. Hodge, S., Hodge, G., Ahern, J., et al. Smoking alters alveolar macrophage recognition and phagocytic ability: implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2007, 37, p. 748-755.
30. Hrubá D. Bakteriální kontaminace cigaret. Prakt. Lék. 2010, 90, s. 48-49.
31. Hybášek, I., Vokurka, J. Otorinolaryngologie. Praha: Karolinum 2006. ISBN 80-246-1019-1.
32. Chen, M.F., Kimizuka, G., Wang, N.S. Human fetal lung changes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1987, 3, p. 51-58.
33. Ilicali, O.C., Keles, N., De Re, K. et al. Evaluation of the effect of passive smoking on otitis media in children by an objective method: urinary cotinine analysis. Laryngoscope 2001, 111, p. 163-167.
34. Jarvis, J.A., Malone, R.E. Children´s secondhand smoke exposure in private homes and cars: An aethical analysis. Am. J. Publ. Health 2008, 98, p. 2140-2145.
35. Johnson, J.D., Houchens, D.P., Kluwe, W.M., et al. Effects of mainstream and environmental tobacco smoke on the immune systém in animals and humans: a review. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1990, 20, p. 369-395.
36. Kukla, L., Hrubá, D., Tyrlík, M. Kouření matek po porodu významně přispívá k vyšší nemocnosti novorozenců a kojenců. Čes. Slov. Pediatr. 2004, 59, s. 225-228.
37. Leeder, S.R., Corkhill, R., Irwing, L.M. et al. Influence of family factors on the incidence of lower respiratory illness during the first year of life. Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 1976, 30, p. 203-212.
38. Matt, G.E., Quintana, P.J.E., Hovell, M.F. Household contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infants exposure. Tob. Control 2004, 13, p. 29-37.
39. Murphy, T.F. Otitis media, bacterial colonization, and the smoking parent. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2006, 42, p. 904-906.
40. National Cancer Institute: Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The report of California Environmental Protection Agency. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No.10. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1999; (NIH Pub No.9-4645).
41. National Research Council: Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring exposure and assessing Health Effects. Washington, DC. National Academic Press. Committee on Passive Smoking, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, 1986.
42. Palmer, R.M., Wilson, R.F., Hasan, A.S., Scott, D.A. Mechanisms of action of environmental factors – tobacco smoking. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2005, 32, (Suppl. 6), p. 180-195.
43. Phelan, P.D., Landau, L.I., Olinsky, A. Epidemiology of acute respiratory infection. In: Phelan, P.D., Olinsky, A., Robertson C. F. Respiratory illness in children. Oxford: Blackwell Sci Publications 1974, p. 24-46.
44. Reed, B.D., Lutz, L.J. Household smoking exposure – association with middle ear effusion. Fam. Med. 1988, 20, p. 426-430.
45. Ritchie, D., Amos, A., Phillips, R. Action to archieve smoke-free homes: An exploration of experts’ views. BMC Public Health 2009; 9: 112. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-112.
46. Robbins, C.S.W., Franco, F., Mouded, M. et al. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs dendritic cell maturation and T cell proliferation in thoratic lymph nodes of mice. J. Immunol. 2008, 180, p. 6623-6628.
47. Rudolph, C.D. Supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux in children: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Am. J. Med. 2003, 115, Suppl 3A, p. 150S-156S.
48. Samet, J.M. Secondhand smoke: facts and lies. Salud. Publica Mex. 2008, 50, p. 428-434.
49. Sheahan, P., Miller, I., Sheahan, J.N. et al. Incidence and outcome of middle ear disease in cleft lip and/ or cleft palate. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2003, 67, p. 785-793.
50. Sleiman, M., Gundel, L.A., Pankow, J.F. et al. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. PNAS Early Edition 2010; dostupné na: www.pnas.org/ cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0912820107.
51. Snodgrass, W.R. Physiological and biochemical differences between children and adults as determinants of toxic response to environmental pollutants. In: Guzelian PS, Henry CJ, Olin SS. (eds). Similarities and differences between children and adults. implications for risk assessment. Washington, DC: ILSI Press, 1992, p. 35-42.
52. Sorensen, L.T., Nielsen, H.B., Kharazmi, A., Gottrup, F. Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes. Surgery 2004, 136, p. 1047-1053.
53. Stathis, S.L., O’Callagham, D.M., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Andersen, M.J., Bor, W. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an independent predictor for symptoms of middle ear disease at five years’ postdelivery. Pediatrics 1999, 104, e 16.
54. Stenstrom, C., Ingvarsson, I. Otitis-prone children and controls: a study of possible predisposing factors. 1. Heredity, family backround and perinatal period. Acta Otolaryngol. 1997, 117, p. 87-93.
55. Strachan, D.P. Family size, infection and atopy: the first decade of the „hygiene hypothesis“. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999, 104, p. 554-558.
56. Strachan, D.P. Impedance tympanometry and the home environment in seven-year-old children. J. Laryngol. Otol. 1990, 194, p. 4-8.
57. Strachan, D.P., Cook, D. Health effects of passive smoking 4: parental smoking, middle ear disease, and adenotonsilectomy in children. Thorax 1998, 53, p. 50-56.
58. Ueta, I., Saito, Y., Teraoka, K. et al. Determination of volatile organic compounds for a systematic evaluation of third-hand smoking. Analytical Sci. 2010, 26, p. 569-574.
59. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. Report No EPA/600/6-90/006F. Washington DC 1992.
60. US Dept of Health and Human Services: The health consequences of involuntary smoking: a Report of the Surgeon General. Washibgton, DC: US DHHS, Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control 1986; DHHS Pub No. CDC 87-8398.
61. US Dept of Health and Human Services: The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta 2006. Dostupné na: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/chapter6.pdf.
62. Vernacchio, L., Lesko, S.M., Vezina, R.M. et al. Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of otitis media in infancy. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2004, 68, p. 795-804.
63. Wilson, N.W., Hogan, M.B. Otitis media as a presenting complaint in childhood immunodeficiency diseases. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2008, 8, p. 519-524.
64. World Health Organization: WHO Report: Reducing risk, promoting healthy life. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Dostupné na http//www. who.int/whr/2002/annex/en/index.html.
65. World Health Organization: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland 2003, updated 2005; 36 s.
Labels
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsArticle was published in
General Practitioner
2011 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Antiaggregation treatment – review of drugs, importance for clinical practice, and possibilities of determination of resistance to treatment
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias
-
Basics of social cognitive and affective neuroscience.
II. Empathy - Pulmonary embolism as a paraneoplastic symptom of choroid melanoma