Independent effects on cellular and humoral immune responses underlie genotype-by-genotype interactions between Drosophila and parasitoids

English version

Autoři: Alexandre B. Leitão ^aff001; Xueni Bian ^aff001; Jonathan P. Day ^aff001; Simone Pitton ^aff001; Eşref Demir ^aff001; Francis M. Jiggins ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom ^aff001; Antalya Bilim University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Dosemealti, Antalya, Turkey ^aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: Independent effects on cellular and humoral immune responses underlie genotype-by-genotype interactions between Drosophila and parasitoids. PLoS Pathog 15(10): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008084
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008084

Souhrn

It is common to find abundant genetic variation in host resistance and parasite infectivity within populations, with the outcome of infection frequently depending on genotype-specific interactions. Underlying these effects are complex immune defenses that are under the control of both host and parasite genes. We have found extensive variation in Drosophila melanogaster’s immune response against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. Some aspects of the immune response, such as phenoloxidase activity, are predominantly affected by the host genotype. Some, such as upregulation of the complement-like protein Tep1, are controlled by the parasite genotype. Others, like the differentiation of immune cells called lamellocytes, depend on the specific combination of host and parasite genotypes. These observations illustrate how the outcome of infection depends on independent genetic effects on different aspects of host immunity. As parasite-killing results from the concerted action of different components of the immune response, these observations provide a physiological mechanism to generate phenomena like epistasis and genotype-interactions that underlie models of coevolution.

Klíčová slova:

Drosophila melanogaster – Hemocytes – Host-pathogen interactions – Immune response – Immune suppression – Larvae – Parasitic diseases – Parasitism

Zdroje

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