Priorities in reducing child mortality: Azithromycin and other interventions

English version

Autoři: David Mabey ^aff001; Uduak Okomo ^aff002; Brian Greenwood ^aff003
Působiště autorů: Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ^aff001; MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ^aff002; Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ^aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: Priorities in reducing child mortality: Azithromycin and other interventions. PLoS Med 17(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003364
Kategorie: Perspective
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003364

Souhrn

In this Perspective, David Mabey and colleagues discuss a recent PLOS Medicine article on azithromycin as an intervention for reducing child mortality.

Klíčová slova:

Birth – Death rates – Child health – Malaria – Neonatal care – Neonates – Pneumococcus – Stillbirths

Zdroje

1. Under five mortality. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. World Health Organization website. [cited 2020 Aug 21]. https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/mortality_under_five_text/en/.

2. Keenan JD, Bailey RL, West SK, Arzika AM, Hart J, Weaver J et al. Mass Azithromycin administration to Reduce Childhood Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378:1583–92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715474 29694816

3. Sadiq ST, Glasgow KW, Drakeley CJ, Muller O, Greenwood BM, Mabey DCW et al. Effects of azithromycin on malariometric indices in The Gambia. Lancet 1995; 346: 881–2. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92712-3 7564674

4. Damle B, Vourvahis M, Wang E, Leaney J, Corrigan B. Clinical Pharmacology Perspectives on the Antiviral Activity of Azithromycin and Use in COVID-19. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020. Apr 17;10.1002/cpt.1857. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1857 32302411

5. Keenan JD, Arzika AM, Maliki R, Adamou SE, Ibrahim F, Kiemago M et al. Cause-specific mortality of children younger than 5 years in communities receiving biannual mass azithromycin treatment in Niger: verbal autopsy results from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8: e288–e95.

6. Arzika AM, Maliki R, Boubacar N, Kane S, Cotter SY, Lebas E et al. Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions and Malaria Parasitemia in Pre-School Children in Niger: A Cluster-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS Med. 2019;16:e1002835. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002835 31237871

7. Doan T, Hinterwirth A, Worden L, Arzika AM, Maliki R, Abdou A et al. Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution. Nature Medicine. 201925:1370–6.

8. O’Brien KS, Arzika AM, Maliki R, Manzo F, Mamkara AK, Lebas E, et al. Biannual azithromycin distribution and child mortality among malnourished children: A subgroup analysis of the MORDOR cluster-randomized trial in Niger. PLoS Med. 2020;17(9): e1003285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003285

9. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2019, Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. 2019. [cited 2020 Apr 5]. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/levels-and-trends-child-mortality-united-nations-inter-agency-group-child-mortality.

10. Okomo U, Akpalu ENK, Le Doare K, Roca A, Cousens S, et al. Aetiology of invasive bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance in neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis in line with the STROBE-NI reporting guidelines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19:1219–34. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30414-1 31522858

11. Oluwalana C, Camara B, Bottomley C, Goodier S, Bojang A, et al. Azithromycin in Labor Lowers Clinical Infections in Mothers and Newborns: A Double-Blind Trial. Pediatrics. 2017;139; e20162281. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2281 28130432

12. Roca A, Oluwalana C, Bojang A, Camara B, Kampmann B, et al. Oral azithromycin given during labour decreases bacterial carriage in the mothers and their offspring: a double-blind randomized trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22:565 e1-9 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.03.005 27026482

13. Every newborn action plan. Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. ReachingWorld Health Organization website. [cited 2020 Aug 21]. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/newborns/every-newborn/en/.

14. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salaman RA et al. What will it take to avert preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths and at what cost? Lancet, 2014:384: 347–70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60792-3 24853604

15. World Health Organization recommendations on postnatal care of mother and newborn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.

16. Korenromp EL, Rowley J, Alonso M, Mello MB, Wijesooriya NS, Mahiané SG et al. Global burden of maternal and congenital syphilis and associated adverse birth outcomes-Estimates for 2016 and progress since 2012. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0211720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211720 eCollection 2019.30811406

17. Terris-Prestholt F, Watson-Jones D, Mugeye K, Kumaranayake L, Ndeki L, Weiss H et al. Is antenatal syphilis screening still cost-effective in Sub-Saharan Africa? Sex. Transm. Infect. 2003;79:375–381

18. Tam CC, Offeddu V, Lim JM, Voo TC. One drug to treat them all: ethical implications of the MORDOR trial of mass antibiotic administration to reduce child mortality. J Glob Health. 2019;9:010305. doi: 10.7189/jogh.09.010305 30643634

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