Vztahy mezi faktory „Dotazníku jídelních zvyklostí“, socioekonomickým stavem, antropometrickými ukazateli akumulace tuku a zdravotními riziky u české populace

Relationships Between the „Eating Inventory“ Factors, Socioeconomic Status, Anthropometric Body Adiposity Indexes and Health Risks in Czech Population

Background.
The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate psychological traits of eating behaviour assessed using the Eating Inventory (EI) known also as the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and their relationship to body adiposity, health and social characteristic in a quota sample of Czech adults.

Methods and Results.
The sample included 1624 women and 1429 men who were interviewed individually by instructed investigators. The sample was quota representative – for gender, age, size of residential location, region and socioeconomic status in Czech adults. Anthropometric data were obtained together with socioeconomic and lifestyle information. Subjects filled out the EI. Health status was evaluated according to the data reported by GPs. Our results show, that women had higher restraint but lower disinhibition and hunger scores than men. Hunger and disinhibition were always strongly associated, whereas restraint was negatively related to the other two factors in men, and to hunger in women. In both men and women an educational level positively correlated with dietary restraint and negatively with hunger. However, significant negative relationship between educational level and disinhibition was revealed only in men. In backward stepwise regression analysis both dietary restraint and disinhibition predicted BMI and waist circumference. BMI and waist circumference were negatively related to restraint, but positively to disinhibition. Restraint and disinhibition were associated with prevalence of comorbidities in men, while disinhibition and hunger were in women. Individuals with high scoring in disinhibition score (upper quartile) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidaemia than those who scored low (lower quartile). These relationships were most marked in middle-aged subjects.

Conclusions.
Psychological traits of eating behaviour seem to have an important role in the development and clinical expression of body adiposity. Especially disinhibition is significantly associated with BMI and waist circumference and prevalence of several pathologies.

Key words:
Eating Inventory, dietary restraint, disinhibition, body mass index, waist circumference, comorbidities.