Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors:
T. Jelínek 1; P. Všianská 2; R. Hájek 1
Authors‘ workplace:
Klinika hematoonkologie, Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava
1; Oddělení klinické hematologie, Fakultní nemocnice Brno
2
Published in:
Transfuze Hematol. dnes,21, 2015, No. 2, p. 74-83.
Category:
Comprehensive Reports, Original Papers, Case Reports
Overview
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are currently the most investigated and the most developed therapeutic compounds not only in oncology but also in other medical fields. The first monoclonal antibody introduced into haematology practise was rituximab. The use of this anti-CD20 antibody in the treatment of B-lymphocytic malignancies meant significant improvement in treatment outcomes, but its activity in multiple myeloma (MM) was low. At the moment, there is no monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of MM, nevertheless several truly promising molecules are under investigation in phase III clinical trials. Daratumumab (anti-CD38) and elotuzumab (anti-CS1) have especially shown exceptional efficacy in phase I/II clinical trials. Their toxicity was acceptable, which is important if they are to be added to standard anti-myeloma agents such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents in combinational treatment. In this review, we focus on the most promising monoclonal antibodies currently under investigation. The mechanism of action and the rationale for using each monoclonal antibody in MM are explained and practically all available results are described. If the results of phase III trials confirm the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies, they could become an important part in the treatment of multiple myeloma that would translate into further improvement of therapeutic outcomes.
Key words.
monoclonal antibodies, multiple myeloma, daratumumab, elotuzumab, siltuximab, lorvotuzumab
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