MicroRNA – small molecules with major role (not only) in hematological malignancies
Authors:
Š. Pospíšilová *; K. Malinová *; M. Mráz; J. Mayer
Authors‘ workplace:
Centrum molekulární biologie a genové terapie, Interní hematoonkologická klinika, LF MU a FN Brno
Published in:
Transfuze Hematol. dnes,14, 2008, No. 4, p. 180-187.
Category:
Comprehensive Reports, Original Papers, Case Reports
Overview
MicroRNAs are small molecules of ribonucleic acid, which play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Their function is based on the mechanism of RNA interference that enables specific gene silencing on the post-transcriptional level. About 750 microRNA genes have been already detected in the humane genome. However, this number is not finite as the computational analyses predict an existence of at least one thousand human microRNAs. It is presumed that microRNAs may regulate the expression of one third of protein-coding genes, what documents their crucial role in a cell. Deregulation of miRNAs has been described in the majority of cancers including hematological malignancies. There is growing evidence that aberrant miRNA expression could participate in the process of malignant transformation of a cell. Their role in the pathogenesis has been described in many hematological malignancies. Deletion of miR-15a and miR-16-1, which regulate expression of BCL2 oncogene, can serve as an example. Their deletion was detected in approximately 50 % patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Key words:
microRNA, miRNA, RNA interference, regulation of gene expression, CLL – chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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