The Influence of Laser Irradiation with Different Power Densities on Incisional Wound Healing in Healthy and Diabetic Rats

Czech version

Authors: R. Kilík ¹; J. Bober ¹; P. Gál ²; B. Vidinský ²; M. Mokrý ²; F. Longauer ³; J. Sabo ²
Authors‘ workplace: l. chirurgická klinika, Lekárska fakulta Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Slovenská republika, prednosta kliniky: prof. MUDr. J. Bober, CSc. ¹; Ústav lekárskej biofyziky, Lekárska fakulta Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Slovenská republika, prednosta ústavu: doc. RNDr. J. Sabo, CSc, mim. prof. ²; Ústav súdneho lekárstva. Lekárska fakulta Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Slovenská republika, prednosta ústavu: MUDr. N. Bobrov, CSc. ³
Published in: Rozhl. Chir., 2007, roč. 86, č. 7, s. 384-387.
Category: Monothematic special - Original

Overview

Introduction:
The optimal parameters of low level laser therapy (LLLT) are still under debate. It has been documented that a dose or 5 J/cm² would be capable to accelerate the wound healing process in patients. However, the optimal delivering form, i.e. power intensity, is unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare different power densities of LLLT.

Materials and Methods:
Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this experiment and randomized into two groups, normal healthy group and streptozotocine induced diabetic group. In general anesthesia four full thickness skin incisions were performed under standard aseptic conditions on the back of each rat and immediately closed using intradermal running suture. Three wounds were stimulated with diode laser (wavelength: 635 nm; daily dose 5 J/cm²; power densities: 1 mW/cm², 5 mW/cm² and 15 mW/cm²) each with different power density while the fourth wound served as control. Six days after surgery animals were sacrificed and samples removed for histological evaluation.

Results:
Our study demonstrated that LLLT positively influences wound healing. The most significant changes were observed in wounds stimulated at the highest power density 15 mW/cm². Since using the highest power density the shortest time is needed to achieve the optimal daily dose of 5 J/cm², it can be suggested that 15 mW/cm² might be optimal parameter for such a therapy in patients.

Key words:
wound healing – LLLT – diabetes mellitus – diode laser

Sources

1. Ashcroft, G. S., Mills, S. J., Lei, K. Gibbons, L., Jeong, M. J., Taniguchi, M., Burow, M., Horan, M. A., Wahl, S. M., Nakayama, T. Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by downregulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2003, roč. 111, č. 9, s. 1309–1318.

2. Logerfo, F. W., Gibbons, G. W. Vascular disease of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 1996, roč. 25, č. 2, s. 439–445.

3. Greenhalgh, D. G. Wound healing and diabetes mellitus. Clinics in plastic surgery, 2003, roč. 30, č. 1, s. 37–45.

4. Abergel, P., Lyons, R. F., Castel, J. C., Dwyer, R. M., Uitto, J. Biostimulation of wound healing by lasers: experimental approaches in animal models and in fibroblast cultures. Journal of Dermatology and Surgical Oncology, 1987; roč. 2, č. 2, s. 127–133.

5. Posten, W., Wrone, D. A., Dover, J. S. Low-level laser therapy for wound healing: mechanism and efficacy. Dermatologic surgery: official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2005, roč. 31, č. 3, s. 334–340.

6. Gál, P., Toporcer, T., Vidinský, B., Lakyová, L., Harakaľová, M., Kilík, R., Bober, J., Sabo, J., Longauer, F. Vplyv laserového žiarenia na hojenie chirurgických rán u potkanov. Slovenská chirurgia, 2005, roč. 2, č. 1, s. 20–23.

7. Anstead, G. M. Steroids, retinoids, and wound healing. Advances in wound care. The journal for prevention and healing, 1998, roč. 11, č. 6, s. 277–285.

8. Demir, H, Balay, H, Kirnap, M. A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatment on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2004, roč. 7, č. 2, s. 147–154.

9. Demir, H., Yaray, S., Kirnap, M., Yaray, K. Comparison of the effects of laser and ultrasound treatments on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2004, roč. 7, č. 5, s. 721–728.

10. Toporcer, T, Radoňák, J. Vacuum Assisted Closure therapy – – overview of lesson and applications. Časopis lékařů českých, 2006, roč. 145, č. 9, s. 702–707.

11. Gál, P., Kilík, R., Špaková, T., Pataky, F., Sabo, J., Pomfy, M., Longauer, F., Hudák, R. He-Ne laser irradiation accelerates inflammatory phase and epithelization of skin wound healing in rats. Biologia, Bratislava, 2005, roč. 60, s. 691–696.

12. Vidinský, B., Gál, P., Toporcer, T., Balogáčova, M., Hutňanová, Z., Kilík, R., Bober, J., Sabo, J., Longauer, F. Vplyv laserového žiarenia diódového lasera na hojenie chirurgických rán u potkanov. Rozhledy v chirurgii, 2005, roč. 84, č. 8, s. 417–421.

13. Webb, C., Dyson, M. The Effect of 880nm Low Level Laser Energy in Human Fibroblast Cell Numbers: A Possible Role in Hypertrophic Wound Healing. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2003, roč. 5, č. 1, s. 39–44.

14. Stadler, I., Lanzafame, R. J., Evans, R., Narayan, V., Dailey, B., Buehner, N., Naim, J. O. 830 nm irradiation increases the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model. Lasers in surgery and medicine, 2001, roč. 28, s. 220–226.

15. Bisht, D., Mehrotra, R., Singh, P. A., Atri, S. C., Kumar, A. Effect of helium-neon laser on wound healing. Indian journal of experimental biology, 1999, roč. 37, č. 2, s. 187–189.

16. Yu, W., Naim, J. O., Lanzafame, R. J. Effects of photostimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice. Lasers in surgery and medicine, 1997, roč. 20, č. 1, s. 56–63.

17. Maiya, G. A., Kumar, P., Rao, L. Effect of low intensity helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on diabetic wound healing dynamics. Photomedicine and laser surgery, 2005, roč. 23, č. 2, s. 187–190.

18. Davidson, J. M. Animal models for wound repair. Archives of dermatological research, 1998, 290 Suppl, s. 1–11.