The significance of fenofibrate in the therapy of atherogenic dyslipoproteinaemia
Authors:
M. Kučera; S. Oravec; I. Očadlík
Authors‘ workplace:
II. interná klinika Lekárskej fakulty UK a FNsP Bratislava, Slovenská republika, prednosta prof. MUDr. Andrej Dukát, CSc., FESC
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2010; 56(8): 865-870
Category:
50th Birthday - Jindřich Špinar, MD, CSc., FESC
Overview
There are accepted the lipid levels goals in all world, which are needed to achievement in primary and secondary prevention. Despite efficacy of current standards of care (including achievement of LDL‑C, blood pressure and blood sugar goals), patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia (DLP) (high TG levels, low HDL‑C, high apolipoprotein B and small dense LDL‑particles), which is common in patients with diabetes melitus (DM), metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular diseases (KVD), remain exposed to a high residual risk of major cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. Statin therapy does not adequately address vascular risk asociated with elevated triglycerides (TG) and low HDL‑C levels. As ACCORD lipid trial last time shows, the addition of lipid‑modifying activity of fenofibrate to statin therapy benefited only certain subgroups of patients at increased cardiometabolic risk.
Key words:
fenofibrate – atherogenic dyslipoproteinaemia – small dense LDL particles – residual risk
Sources
1. Grundy SM, Becker D, Luther TC et al. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143–3421.
2. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM et al. Cholesterol treatment Trialist (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol lowering treatment: prospective meta‑analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins. Lancet 2005; 366: 1267–1278.
3. Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I et al. Effect of very high‑intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 1556–1565.
4. Vaverková H, Soška V, Rosolová H et al. Doporučení pro diagnostiku a léčbu dyslipidemií v dospělosti, vypracované výborem České společnosti pro aterosklerózu. Vnitř Lék 2007; 53: 181–197.
5. Keating GM, Ormord D. Micronised fenofibrate: an update review of its clinical efficacy in the management of dyslipidaemia. Drugs 2002; 62: 1909–1944.
6. Doležal T. Nová léková forma fenofibrátu Lipanthyl Supra. Intern Med 2001; 10: 473–476.
7. Soška V. Jaderné receptory PPARα. Vnitř Lék 2006; 52: 628–631.
8. Vu‑Dac N, Schoonjans K, Kosykh V et al. Fibrates increase human apolipoprotein A‑II expression through activation of the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 741–750.
9. Vu‑Dac N, Gervois P, Jakel H et al. Apolipoprotein A5, a crucial determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, is highly responsive to peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor alpha activators. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 17982–17985.
10. Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P et al. FIELD study investigators. Effects of long term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1849–1861.
11. Sasaki J, Yamamoto K, Ageta M. Effects of fenofibrate on high density lipoprotein particle size in patients with hyperlipidaemia: a randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled, multicentre, crossover study. Clin Ther 2002; 24: 1614–1626.
12. Chapman MJ. Fibrates in 2003: therapeutic actions in atherogenic dislipidaemia and future perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2003; 171: 1–13.
13. Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle‑aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1237–1245.
14. Phuntuwate W, Suthisisang C, Koanantakul B et al. Effects of fenofibrate therapy on paraoxonase1 status in patients with low HDL‑C levels. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196: 122–128.
15. Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of CAD in men with low levels of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol: Veterans Affairs High‑Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 410–418.
16. Steiner G. Fibrates and coronary risk reduction. Atherosclerosis 2005; 182: 199–207.
17. Schonfeld G. The effects of fibrates on lipoproteins and hemostatic coronary risk factors. Atherosclerosis 1994; 111: 161–174.
18. Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Daskalopoulou SS et al. Clinical relevance of postprandial lipaemia. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12: 1931–1945.
19. Rosenson RS, Wolf DA, Huskin AL et al. Fenofibrate therapy ameliorates fasting and postprandial lipoproteinaemia, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2007; 8: 1945–1951.
20. Gami AS, Montori VM, Erwin PJ et al. Systematic review of lipid lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetes. BMJ 2003; 326: 528–529.
21. Ikewaki K, Tohyama J, Nakata Y et al. Fenofibrate effectively reduces remnants, and small dense LDL, and increases HDL particles number in hypertriglyceridemic men – a nuclear magnetic resonance study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2004; 11: 278–285.
22. Ooi TC, Cousins M, Ooi DS et al. Efects of fibrates on postprandial remnant like particles in patients with combined hyperlipidaemia. Atherosclerosis 2004; 172: 375–382.
23. Fábryová Ľ. Manažment aterogénnej dyslipidémie pri metabolickom syndróme. Via Practica 2007; S4: 13–18.
24. Soška V. Lipoproteiny. In: Soška V (ed). Poruchy metabolizmu lipidu. Praha: Grada Publishing 2001: 21–29.
25. Barter PJ, Ballantyne CM, Carmena R et al. Apo B versus cholesterol in estimating cardiovascular risk and in guiding therapy: report of the thirty‑person/ten country panel. J Intern Med 2006; 259: 247–258.
26. Vaverková H, Karásek D, Novotný D et al. Apolipoprotein B versus LDL‑cholesterol: association with other risk factors for atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem 2009; 42: 1246–1251.
27. Brunzell JD. Increased ApoB in small dense LDL particles predicts premature coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 474–475.
28. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART STUDY): case‑control study. Lancet 2004; 364: 937–952.
29. Guerin M, Bruckert E, Dolphin PJ et al. Fenofibrate reduces plasma cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to VLDL and normalises the atherogenic dense LDL profile in combined hyperlipidaemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 763–772.
30. Frost RJ, Otto C, Geiss HC et al. Effest of atorvastatin versus fenofibrate on lipoprotein profiles, low‑density lipoprotein subfraction distribution, and hemorheologic parametres in type 2 diabetes mellitus with mixed hyperlipoproteinemia. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 44–48.
31. Hiukka A, Leinonem E, Jauhiainem M et al. Long‑term effects of fenofibrate on VLDL and HDL subspecies in participants with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2067–2075.
32. Griffin B, Caslake M, Gaw A et al. The effect of hypolipidaemic drugs on subfractions of plasma low density lipoprotein. Atherosclerosis 1990; 85: 93.
33. Feher MD, Caslake M, Foxton J et al. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in type 2 diabetes: reversal with micronised fenofibrate. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 395–399.
34. Rosenson RS, Huskin AL, Wolff DA et al. Fenofibrate reduces fasting and postprandial inflammatory responses among hypertriglyceridemia patients with the metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2008; 198: 381–388.
35. Rosenson RS. Fenofibrate reduces lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 mass and oxidative lipids in hypertriglyceridemic subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Am Heart J 2008; 155: 499.e9–499.e16.
36. Fruchart JC, Sacks FM, Hermans MP et al. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in dyslipidaemic patients. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2008; 5: 319–335.
37. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD et al. Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1425–1435.
38. Grundy SM, Vega GL, Yuan Z et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of simvastatin plus fenofibrate for combined hyperlipidemia (the SAFARI trial). Am J Cardiol 2005; 95: 462–468.
39. The ACCORD Study Group. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1563–1574.
40. Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ et al. Arterial biology for the ARBITER 2: a double‑blind, placebo controlled study of extended release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 2004; 110: 3512–3517.
41. Scott R, O’Brien R, Fulcher G et al. Effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9 795 individuals with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome (FIELD study). Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 493–498.
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Internal Medicine
2010 Issue 8
Most read in this issue
- Care for patients on mechanical ventilation from the perspective of an internal medicine physician
- Therapy with implantable cardioverter‑defibrillators (ICD) in the early of third millenium
- Anaemia in chronic heart failure
- Changes in NT‑proBNP levels in patients with atrial fibrillation related to heart failure