Risky medication and contrast media-induced nephropathy in patients with diabetes and hypertension

Czech version

Authors: D. Krusová; K. Ševela; D. Králová; P. Žák; V. Olšovská
Authors‘ workplace: II. interní klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny, Brno, přednosta doc. MUDr. Miroslav Souček, CSc.
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2006; 52(11): 1014-1020
Category: Original Contributions

Overview

Contrast media-induced nephropathy (CMIN) is accompanied by high morbidity, lengthy hospitalization, and a higher mortality rate. In proportion to the rising number of diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures, the prevalence of this complication is also rising The study briefly tackles the currently known pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to CMIN and deals with various risk factors which increase the probability of development of contrast nephropathy. Among these factors are, in the first place, diabetes mellitus, a pre-existing renal illness and hypertension. In addition, the risk of developing CMIN significantly increases in patients on risky medication. In our study, this medication was a combination of ACEinhibitors (ACEI) and furosemide. Even though none of the patients met the criteria defined for CMIN, radiocontrast examination showed a significant statistical decline in glomerular filtration (GFR) and a rise in proteinuria (PU) in the sub-group which used this combination of medication. The risk level of this medication especially in patients with pre-existing nephropathy is also underlined by the suggested dependency of the relative rise in the serum levels of creatinine in terms of its input value. It is necessary, as early as the radiocontrast examination is being done, to bare in mind the possibility of CMIN occurring and avoid it also through the modification of the risk factors which can be influenced, e.g. elimination of risky medication and in indicated cases, taking preventive measures.

Key words:
nephropathy – contrast media-induced nephropathy – risk factors – preventive measures – ACE-inhibitors – furosemide

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