Diabetic nephropathy: epidemiology and diagnosis
Authors:
Terézia Pázmanová; Peter Ponťuch
Authors‘ workplace:
IV. interná klinika Lekárskej fakulty UK a UNB, Nemocnica sv. Cyrila a Metoda, Bratislava, prednosta prof. MUDr. Peter Ponťuch, CSc.
Published in:
Forum Diab 2013; 2(2): 117-121
Category:
Overview
Absolute pandemic increase in diabetes prevalence which mirrors the increase of late diabetic complications, is seen worldwide. Today diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in Europe and USA. The first clinical manifestation of diabetic kidney disease is microalbuminuria, which also predict increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. That is the reason why screening and early detection of microalbuminuria, and also regular assessment of renal function in diabetic population are the key point of diagnosis and prevention diabetic nephropathy.
Key words:
diabetes mellitus – diabetic nephropathy – diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy – microalbuminuria
Sources
1. National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI™ Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: 2012 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 60(5): 850 - 886.
2. de Boer IH, Rue TC, Hall YN, Heagerty PJ, Weiss NS, Himmelfarb J. Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2011; 305(24): 2532–2539.
3. Hoffmann F, Haastert B, Koch M et al. The effect of diabetes on incidence and mortality in end-stage renal disease in Germany. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26(5): 1634–1640.
4. Ponťuch P, Lištiaková D, Černá K et al. Prevalencia mikroalbuminúrie, klinickej proteinúrie a artériovej hypertenzie u diabetikov 2. typu na Slovensku. Diabetes a obezita 2004; 4(8): 41–48.
5. Mogensen CE, Christensen CK, Vittinghus E. The stages in diabetic renal disease. With emphasis on stage of incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 1983; 32(Suppl 2): 64–78.
6. Mogensen CE. Definition of diabetic renal disease in IDDM based on renal function test. In: Mogensen CE (ed) et al. The kidney and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. 5th ed. Springer Science Media – Kluwer Academic Publishers: New York 2000: 17–29.
7. Tagle R, Acevedo M, Vidt D. Microalbuminuria: is it a valid predictor of cardiovascular risk? Cleveland clinic J Med 2003; 70(3): 255–261.
8. Hasslacher C, Ritz E, Tepstra J et al. Natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes: relationship to metabolic control and blood pressure. Hypertension 1985; 7(6 pt 2): 74–78.
9. Klausen K, Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B et al. Very low levels of microalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death independently of renal function, hypertension, and diabetes. Circulation 2004; 110(1): 32–35.
10. Packham DK, Alves TP, Dwyer JP et al. Source Melbourne Renal Research Group, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Nephrology and Austin Hospital, Nephrology, Melbourne, Australia. Relative incidence of ESRD versus cardiovascular mortality in proteinuric type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: results from the DIAMETRIC (Diabetes Mellitus Treatment for Renal Insufficiency Consortium) database. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012; 59(1): 75–83.
11. Reutens AT. Epidemiology od diabetic kidney disease. Med Clin North Am 2013; 97(1): 1–18.
12. Hoefield RA, Kalra PA, Baker PG. The Use of eGFR and ACR to Predict Decline in Renal Function in People with Diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26(3): 887–892.
13. de Boer IH, Rue TC, Cleary PA et al. For the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications [DCCT/EDIC] Study Research Group, Long-term renal outcomes of patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria: an analysis of the DCCT/EDIC cohort. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171(5): 412–420.
14. American Diabetes Association: Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2013. Diab Care 2013; 36(Suppl 1): S11-S66.
15. National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI™ Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49(Suppl 2): S1-S180.
16. KDIGO 2012. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2013; 3(1): 1–150.
17. Okša A, Ponťuch P, Spustová V (výbor Slovenskej nefrologickej spoločnosti) et Martinka E, Némethyová Z, Uličiansky V (výbor Slovenskej diabetologickej spoločnosti). Diabetická nefropatia – diagnostika, prevencia a liečba. Odporúčané postupy Slovenskej nefrologickej spoločnosti a Slovenskej diabetologickej spoločnosti. Október 2012. Dostupné z WWW: <http://www.nefro.sk> nebo <http://www.diaslovakia.sk>
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Forum Diabetologicum
2013 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Diabetic neuropathy: clinical features and contemporary possibilities of diagnostics and treatment
- Management of hypertriacylglycerolaemia from the point view of newest guidelines of The Endocrine Society
- Diabetic nephropathy: epidemiology and diagnosis
- Diabetic foot: epidemiological data and current topical treatment options