Úloha imunoterapie pri liečbe hepatocelulárneho karcinómu

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Autoři: L. Balážová
Působiště autorů: Department of radiotherapy and oncology, East Slovakia Institute of Oncology, Košice
Vyšlo v časopise: Gastroent Hepatol 2024; 78(5): 402-408
Kategorie: Přehledová práce
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2024402

Souhrn

Hepatocelulárny karcinóm (HCC) predstavuje najčastejšiu primárnu malignitu pečene, tvorí približne 75–80 % všetkých prípadov rakoviny pečene. Globálny výskyt hepatocelulárneho karcinómu sa zvyšuje v dôsledku rastúceho počtu základných ochorení, čo vytvára významnú rakovinovú záťaž a významnú klinickú výzvu v dôsledku jeho často neskorého prejavu a obmedzených účinných možností liečby. Inhibítory imunitného kontrolného bodu spôsobili revolúciu v prístupe k liečbe rôznych malignít. Pri liečbe pokročilého hepatocelulárneho karcinómu sa imunoterapia ukázala byť účinnejšia ako inhibítory tyrozínkinázy, ktoré boli možnosťou liečby už desaťročie. Klinické štúdie ako HIMALAYA a IMbrave150 preukázali významné prínosy prežitia a preukázali vyššiu účinnosť v porovnaní so sorafenibom. Napriek týmto sľubným výsledkom nie všetci pacienti s HCC reagujú na imunoterapiu rovnako. Je potrebné hľadať spoľahlivé prognostické a prediktívne biomarkery, ktoré môžu pomôcť predpovedať, ktorí pacienti budú s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou profitovať z imunoterapie, a tým personalizovať liečbu a zlepšiť výsledky. Účelom tohto článku je poskytnúť súhrn klinických štúdií imunoterapie pre rôzne štádiá hepatocelulárneho karcinómu.

Klíčová slova:

rakovina pečene – hepatocelulárny karcinóm – inhibítory imunitných kontrolných bodov – imunoterapia – kombinované režimy

Zdroje

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Submitted/Doručeno: 26. 8. 2024

Accepted/Přijato: 9. 9. 2024

Corresponding author

Lea Balážová, MD

Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology

East Slovakia Institute of Oncology

Rastislavova 43

041 91 Košice

lea.balazova@gmail.com