Dietary Assessment of Patients Who Form Kidney Stones

Czech version

Authors: K. L. Penniston
Authors‘ workplace: Department of Urology University of Wisconsin
Published in: Urol List 2015; 13(2): 5-10

Overview

Highlights:
1. Assessment of a patient’s habitual dietary pattern or intake of specific foods and beverages is important in identifying whether diet is contributory to his/her stone formation risk. 2. Dietary assessment is a skill practiced by dietitians; non-dietitians who assess their patients’ diets should be aware of and avoid common pitfalls to obtaining accurate information. 3. The 24-hour urine analysis and the stone composition report are not surrogates for dietary assessment as food-derived compounds that may appear in urine or renal calculi are subject to multiple metabolic processes after ingestion and during circulation. 4. A dietary recommendation should be applied directly to the alleged dietary contributor to stone risk. 5. If diet is not contributing stone formation, or if a patient is already eating according to a dietary recommendation aimed at controlling a specific stone risk factor, then no amount of recommending dietary change will elicit improvement in his/her stone risk. 6. Providing dietary recommendations that are not linked to stone risk factors may (a.) overwhelm the patient with multiple, unnecessary recommendations, (b.) mislead him/her about which recommendation(s) have priority, and/or (c.) provide false hope about the potential for success of nutrition therapy.

Key words:
urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, kidney stones, diet, nutrition, dietary assessment, dietary recommendations, nutrition therapy, medical nutrition therapy

Sources

1. Scales CD jr, Smith AC, Hanley JM et al. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. Eur Urol 2012; 62(1): 160–165. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.03.052.

2. Kartha G, Calle JC, Marchini GS et al. Impact of stone disease: chronic kidney disease and quality of life. Urol Clin North Am 2013; 40(1): 135–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.004.

3. Penniston KL, Nakada SY. Health related quality of life differs between male and female stone formers. J Urol 2007; 178(6): 2435–2440.

4. Knoll T, Schubert AB, Fahlenkamp D et al. Urolithiasis through the ages: data on more than 200,000 urinary stone analyses. J Urol 2011; 185(4): 1304–1311. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.073.

5. Penniston KL, McLaren ID, Greenlee RT et al. Urolithiasis in a rural Wisconsin population from 1992–2008: narrowing of the male-to-female ratio. J Urol 2011; 185(5): 1731–1736.

6. Scales CD jr, Curtis LH, Norris RD et al. Changing gender prevalence of stone disease. J Urol 2007; 177(3): 979–982.

7. Kocvara R, Plasgura P, Petrik A et al. A prospective study of nonmedical prophylaxis after a first kidney stone. BJU Int 1999; 84(4): 393–398.

8. Atkins M, Basualdo-Hammond C, Hotson B et al. Canadian perspectives on the nutrition care process and international dietetics and nutrition terminology. Can J Diet Pract Res 2010; 71(2): e18–e20.

9. Parks JH, Coward M, Coe FL. Correspondence between stone composition and urine supersaturation in nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 1997; 51(3): 894–900.

10. MacLellan D, Berenbaum S. Canadian dietitians’ understanding of the client-centered approach to nutrition counseling. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107(8): 1414–1417.

11. Souverein OW, de Boer WJ, Geelen A et al. Uncertainty in intake due to portion size estimation in 24-hour recalls varies between food groups. J Nutr 2011; 141(7): 1396–1401. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.139220.

12. Spahn JM, Reeves RS, Keim KS et al. State of the evidence regarding behavior change theories and strategies in nutrition counseling to facilitate health and food behavior change. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110(6): 879–891. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.021.

13. Bell R, Penniston KL. Dietitians in practice: utilization of medical nutrition therapy for prevention of kidney stones. Renal Nutr Forum 2014; 33: 8–11.

14. Wertheim ML, Nakada SY, Penniston KL. Current practice patterns of urologists providing nutrition recommendations to patients with kidney stones. J Endourol 2014; 28(9): 1127–1131. doi: 10.1089/end.2014.0164.

15. Patrick S. What went right? The story of US Medicare medical nutrition therapy. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme 2009; 12: 137–158. doi: 10.1159/000235676.

16. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: applications in dietary assessment. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. [online]. Available at: http://www.iom.edu.

17. Wallace TC, Reider C, Fulgoni VL 3rd. Calcium and vitamin D disparities are related to gender, age, race, household income level, and weight classification but not vegetarian status in the United States: analysis of the NHANES 2001–2008 data set. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 32(5): 321–330. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.83990.

18. Cirillo M, Ciacci C, Laurenzi M et al. Salt intake, urinary sodium, and hypercalciuria. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1997; 23(3–6): 265–268.

19. Cashman KD, Kiely M. Recommended dietary intakes for vitamin D: where do they come from, what do they achieve and how can we meet them? J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 27(5): 434–442. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12226.

20. Penniston KL, Jones AN, Nakada SY et al. Vitamin D repletion does not alter urinary calcium excretion in healthy postmenopausal women. BJU Int 2009; 104(10): 1512–1516. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08559.x.

21. Penniston KL, Nakada SY. Effect of dietary changes on urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation in patients with hyperoxaluric stone formation. Urology 2009; 73(3): 484–489. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.10.035.

22. Nouvenne A, Meschi T, Guerra A et al. Dietary treatment of nephrolithiasis. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2008; 5(2): 135–141.

23. Massey LK. Food oxalate: factors affecting measurement, biological variation, and bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107(7): 1191–1194.

24. Caudarella R, Vescini F. Urinary citrate and renal stone disease: the preventive role of alkali citrate treatment. Arch Ital Androl 2009; 81(3): 182–187.

25. Meschi T, Maggiore U, Fiaccadori E et al. The effect of fruits and vegetables on urinary stone risk factors. Kidney Int 2004; 66(6): 2402–2410.

26. Remer T. Influence of diet on acid-base balance. Semin Dial 2000; 13(4): 221–226.

27. Cameron JS, Simmonds HA. Hereditary hyperuricemia and renal disease. Semin Nephrol 2005; 25(1): 9–18.

28. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(11): 1093–1103.

29. Penniston KL, Nakada SY. Diet and alternative therapies in the management of stone disease. Urol Clin North Am 2013; 40(1): 31–46. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2012.09.011.

Labels

Paediatric urologist Urology

Evaluation of the Calcium Stone Former

Tackling the Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Drug Treatment for Bladder Cancer

Urodynamics – Procedure and Indications

Dysfunction of Ejaculation, Sexual Desire and Orgasm in Men after Spinal Cord Injury Depending on the Extent of Spinal Lesions

Article was published in

Urological Journal

2015 Issue 2