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Frozen platelets in clinical praxis: comparative study of native platelets


Authors: M. Bohoněk 1;  D. Kutáč 1;  L. Landová 1;  M. Kořánová 1;  E. Sládková 1;  E. Stašková 1;  M. Voldřich 2;  T. Tyll 2
Authors‘ workplace: Oddělení hematologie a krevní transfuze, Ústřední vojenská nemocnice – Vojenská fakultní nemocnice Praha 1;  Klinika anestesiologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny 1. LF UK a ÚVN, Ústřední vojenská nemocnice – Vojenská fakultní nemocnice Praha 2
Published in: Transfuze Hematol. dnes,22, 2016, No. 4, p. 268-278.
Category: Comprehensive Reports, Original Papers, Case Reports

Overview

Platelets stored at 20–24 °C have a short shelf life. This complicates the logistics of production, distribution and access when required for clinical use. This limitation is especially problematic for emergency and intensive care departments managing massive bleeding. The early and aggressive use of blood products for massive haemorrhage may correct coagulopathy, control bleeding, and improve outcomes. The timely availability of platelets as part of a massive transfusion protocol within the first “golden hour“ after the injury is often problematic. Many hospitals cannot afford to have platelets permanently in stock because of the short shelf life and high price. An alternative solution is a stock of frozen platelets (FP). FP has successfully been used in military medicine. Since September 2014 we have trialed frozen platelets in routine clinical practice. In the period September 2014 – March 2016, we transfused a total of 265 units (therapeutic doses) platelets to 91 patients presenting with heavy bleeding, of that 160 units of FP (to 57 patients). We performed a comparative study with fresh platelets from apheresis (FAP), in which we enrolled 25 patients transfused with a total of 81 FP and 19 patients transfused with total of 61 FAP. As fresh platelets, as well as platelets for freezing, we used apheresis platelets, leucodepleted, with > 280 x 109 thrombocytes/unit. After adding a 6 % DMSO, the supernatant is removed and platelets are frozen at -80 °C and can be stored in such temperature for up to 2 years. Before clinical use, FP (group O) were hawed and reconstituted in a thawed group AB plasma. In the study we evaluated the following criteria: 1. Patient laboratory values (before and after transfusion) – Blood Count, aPTT, PT, Fbg; 2. Patient vital signs (before and after transfusion) – T, P, MAP; 3. Coagulation activity of product – TEG; 4. Number of transfused PLTs, RBCs, FFP; Dosage of fibrinogen concentrate and tranexamic acid; 5. Clinical data – survival, length of stay in ICU. FP were, in comparison with FAP, partially activated: the clot strength measured by TEG with citrated kaolin was reduced, and onset of clotting and a faster clot amplification. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the parameters PT, aPTT, Fbg, Hb and the mean amount of given blood products, fibrinogen and TXA. The amount of the PLT transfused was significantly higher for the group transfused with FAP. Clinical data in both groups did not display any significant differences. Frozen platelets are an alternative not only for military blood banks, but also for civilian blood banks as a solution for urgent orders in connection with heavy bleeding. The thawing and reconstitution is a simple process and takes 30 minutes at most. Frozen platelet provides a cost effective functional platelets product for the management of bleeding and should be considered for wider use in clinical practice, such as preparation of autologous platelets for transfusion as well as non-transfusion use, preparation of rare or HLA compatible platelets, etc.

Key words:
frozen platelets – cryopreservation of platelets – massive bleeding – reconstitution


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